Ubuntu:Feisty ja

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KubuntuかXubuntuをお使いですか？http://kubuntuguide.org/ や http://xubuntuguide.org/ をご覧下さい。

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非公式　Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) 初心者用ガイド

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) は2007年4月19日にリリースされました。このガイドは今も継続的に成長を続けています。このガイドの内容確認と記述の充実について貴方もご協力下さい。

このガイドは、Chua Wen Kiat (マレーシア・クアラルンプール)によって開始されました。 現在は、Linuxセンター にあるラトビア大学で保守されており、協力を希望する方は誰でも参加できます。

このガイドについてはubuntuforums.org内の公式 UbuntuGuide.org フォーラム で議論されています。気軽に議論に参加下さい。


このガイドを編集するには 登録 が必要です。

もし、貴方が新しいtipsについて何か意見をお持ちならば Talk pageまでご提案下さい。

本wikiについて何か質問がある際はubuntuguide -at- ubuntuguide.orgにメールを送信下さい。

捐助者 Mikrobart • Orvils • Quash • Jiyuu0 • Cargo • Gabemorr • Byte • cope • krampo • Simos • Stubby • eljaco • shai • ThunderM • Hasile • adammichaelroach • Belisarivs • Cheator • Hank • Kaotiks • soniah • Kutan • Mehdi • richux • Shadyman • Havarill • Louis • Shadyman • shanlot751 • Etienne • Rabid9797 • Mantas Smelevičius • perspectoff • phlo • seadog • smalu • go2debug • Pakos •RedBass • CyberAngel •Cogeeldineroycorre • Ufic • Antidrugue • Vahid • Louis King • Rsingh • Borut-T • Cinglalls • Townray • pete allebone • Greenstar • The Turk • RonB • Compotatoj • oMbra • sigma80 •Karthikeyan•emorrp1• Th0rv4ld • and other friends of our community edit
语言 عربي -قيد التحرير- • Português do Brasil • Português • Bangla • Bulgarian • Català • 中文 (翻译中) • Česky • German • Español • 繁體中文 (翻譯中) • English • French • Ελληνικά • Filipino • German • Hindi • Italiano • ລາວ; Nederlands • Norsk • Polski• Lietuviškai• Română • Suomi • Türkçe • Indonesian • සිංහල • فارسی • עברית • پښتو • ไทย • Русский (In Progress) • Українська • Persian • 日本語 (翻訳中); اُردو • नेपाली • Srpski edit


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過去のバージョンについて

Languages: Português • Bulgarian • Català • 中文 (翻译中) • 繁體中文 (翻譯中) • English • French (In Progress) • German • Italiano • Nederlands • Polski • Lithuanian (In Progress) • Español (In Progress) • Suomi (In Progress) • Ελληνικά • Română • Indonesian • සිංහල (In Progress) • فارسی(In Progress) • پښتو(In Progress) • ไทย • Русский (In Progress) • Українська (In Progress) • Persian (In Progress) • 日本語 (翻訳中) edit
Languages: Português • Português do Brasil • Bulgarian • Bangla • 中文 • Česky • Filipino • English • French • German • Italiano • Nederlands • Norsk • Suomi • Polski• Lietuviškai• Español • Română • Indonesian • Türkçe • Русский • Persian • 日本語 (翻訳中) edit

もし貴方が過去のバージョンのubunntu(EdgyもしくはBreezy) を使っているのでしたら、Feistyにアップデートするといいでしょう。(製品環境にある場合はアップデートする際のリスクについて検討する必要があります) こちらをご覧下さい: [How to upgrade from Hoary Hedgehog -> Breezy Badger -> Dapper Drake]

Full list of all the subpages: Ubuntu:Feisty_ja/TOC


Contents


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全体に共通する注意事項

  1. これは非公式Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) 初心者ガイドです。これはUbuntuにもCanonical株式会社にも関係ありません。
  2. このガイドについてはubuntuforums.orgにある公式フォーラムUbuntuGuide.org フォーラムにて討論が出来ます。
  3. 本ガイド中に青いボックス領域がある場合、それは貴方はターミナルモード(アプリケーション->アクセサリ->ターミナルで表示されます)でそのコマンドを入力するか、そのボックスの記述内容をそのまま使う必要があります。
  4. ミスタイプによる間違いを少なくするために、ボックスの記述内容をクリップボードに複写してターミナルへ貼り付け(マウスの右ボタンをクリックして"コピー"もしくは”貼り付け"で可能です。また、キーボードでCtrl+Cを使って複写し、Shift+Insertで貼り付けすることも出来ます)してください。
  5. "sudo"はユーザの代理で実行するという意味です。"sudo"は貴方のパスワードを入力するプロンプト"Password:"を表示します。貴方のログインパスワードを入力してください。また、システム上の他のユーザの代理として実行することも可能です-たとえば sudo -u peter <実行するコマンド> のように入力すると貴方のシステム上のユーザpeterの代わりにコマンドを実行します。
  6. もし、何らかのコマンドについて解説が必要な場合は、”man"コマンドを使ってマニュアルページを見ることが出来ます。例えば、"man sudo"で"sudo"コマンドについてのマニュアルページが表示されます。
  7. 毎回"apt-get"コマンドを入力するのに疲れたのなら、apt-getのGRUBフロントエンドであるsynaptic パッケージマネージャをお使い下さい。
  8. "apt-get"や"wget"を用いてパッケージやソフトウェアのインストール・アップデート・ダウンロードをする際ははインターネット接続が必要です。
  9. "aptitude"への参照は”apt-get"へリプレースされる予定です。まだ"aptitude"を使うことは出来ますが依存性の問題を起こす可能性があります。
  10. ファイルをダウンロードをするにはリンクを右クリックして"リンクを保存する..."を選択し、ファイル名と拡張子が正しいことを確認してください。
  11. 貴方の母国語へUbuntuを翻訳する際は、https://launchpad.net/に行ってください。
  12. "humanity to others（友愛）"の精神が、常にあなたと共にあらんことを...
もし64-bitバージョンをご使用の場合は全ての"i386"の記述を"amd64"と読み替えてください。
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リクエスト

もしあなたがこのガイドに追加したいリクエストをお持ちでしたら、それをここに追加してください。 (訳者注：日本語版のこちらに追加するのではなく、英語版に英文で追加することをおすすめします）

  • 携帯電話の接続方法について
  • インストールCDをリポジトリで使われるのと同じパッケージでアップデートする方法について
  • (例えば：6.10から7.04までライブCDを用いて)ブートCDを用いてシステムを新しいリリースにアップデートする方法について
  • bluetoothデバイスの有効方法やbluetoothによるインターネット共有の方法について
  • SElinux を ubuntu 7.04 Serverにインストールする方法について
  • berylをINTEL PCにインストールする方法について
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Pidgin 2.0 (GAIMとして知られるアプリケーション) のインストール方法

  • ターミナルウィンドウを開き、以下のコマンドを入力します。 
sudo apt-get install pidgin pidgin-data
  • 暗号会話サポートや追加設定のような追加事項をインストールためには、ターミナルウィンドウを開き以下のコマンドを入力します。 
sudo apt-get install pidgin-extprefs pidgin-guifications pidgin-libnotify pidgin-otr
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Blender

  • 通常の(Linux32 訳者注：i386環境と思われる)ユーザは以下のとおり入力します 
sudo aptitude install blender
  • ubuntu 64bit ユーザはまず最初に以下の通りです 
wget http://download.blender.org/release/Blender2.44/blender-2.44-linux-glibc236-py25-x86_64.tar.bz2
tar -xvjf blender-2.44-linux-glibc236-py25-x86_64.tar.bz2
  • ubuntu 64bit ユーザは次に以下のとおり実行します 
sudo cp blender /usr/bin/blender
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/blender.desktop
  • 以下の行を新しいファイルに挿入します 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Blender
Comment=Blender
Exec=blender
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Graphics;3DGraphics;RasterGraphics;GTK;
  • 編集したファイルを保存します
  • アプリケーション -> グラフィックス -> Blenderで実行します
  • (k)ubuntuのCD/DVDリポジトリをaptのsources.listに追加する方法

Solution, please move to appropriate chapter:

CD/DVDを挿入し、ターミナルで以下のコマンドを入力します 

sudo apt-cdrom add
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Ninan (NZB usenet クライアント)のインストール方法 

whereis java

以下のようになっていると思います。: 

java: /usr/bin/java /etc/java /usr/X11R6/bin/java /usr/bin/X11/java /usr/share/java /usr/share/man/man1/java.1.gz

Path設定をターミナルへ貼り付けます: 

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/bin/java
  • Ninanのtarボールをダウンロードし、解凍します。: 
wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/ninan/ninan-1.1.0.tar.gz
gunzip ninan-1.1.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf ninan-1.1.0.tar
  • あなたの希望のディレクトリーにインストールします。わたしは /usr/local/bin/ninan/を使いました。 
sudo mv ninan-1.1.0 /usr/local/bin/ninan
  • ninan.shが実行可能であることを確認してください。 
cd /usr/local/bin/ninan
chmod 755 ninancore.sh
  • バックグラウンドでNinanを走らせます: 
nohup ./ninancore.sh &
  • あなたはこのリンク: http://127.0.0.1:9090/ninan/ へ username: admin ／ password:password の設定でアクセスが出来ます。
  • If you would like ninan to start automatically Ninanの実行を自動的に行いたいならば以下のとおり設定します。: 
gedit /usr/local/bin/ninan/ninancore.sh

以下の設定を追加します (あなたのninanインストールパスにあわせてください): 

cd /usr/local/bin/ninan

Right between "fi" and touch restart: 

fi
cd /usr/local/bin/ninan
touch restart

そしてスタートアッププログラムにninanを追加します。: 

システム > 設定 > セッション
"新規(N)"ボタンをクリック
"名前(N):"フィールドに"Ninan" (引用符は除いて)と入力します。
"コマンド(C):"フィールドに以下のように "nohup /usr/local/bin/ninan/ninancore.sh > /usr/local/bin/ninan/nohup.out &" (引用符を除いて)入力します(あなたのninanインストールパスにあわせてください)。
"OK" ボタンを押します

ブート時にNinanはスタートするでしょう。

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Getting Started

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Ubuntuのスクリーンショット/スクリーンキャストを見るには

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Kubuntuのスクリーンショット/スクリーンキャストを見るには

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Xubuntuのスクリーンショット/スクリーンキャストを見るには

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Ubuntu Studioのスクリーンショット/スクリーンキャストを見るには

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Ubuntu Enlightenment(DR17 or E17) ウィンドウマネージャののスクリーンショット/スクリーンキャストを見るには

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新しいプログラムを見つけるには

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自分好みのデスクトップにするためのヒントはどこで見つけることができますか？

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他の *buntu ガイドはどこにありますか？

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Ubuntu Edgy(6.10)からUbuntu Feisty(7.04)へアップグレードするには

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拡張レポジトリを追加するには

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グラフィカルなツールを使う
  • You can add extra repositories using the Software Sources application, which can be found in the menu: System -> Administration -> Software Sources. Check the repositories you think you will need (main, universe, restricted, multiverse). You probably won't need the 'sources' repository. This is the recommended way to add extra repositories:
  • メニューのシステム -> システム管理 -> ソフトウェア・ソースで見つけられるソフトウェアソースを定義するアプリケーションを利用することでリポジトリを追加可能です。あなたが必要だと思うリポジトリ(main, universe, restricted, multiverse)をクリックしてください(訳者注：'Ubuntuのソフトウェア'タグ上の'インターネットからダウンロード'項目にあります

)。おそらく'ソースコード'のリポジトリは必要ないでしょう。これはリポジトリを追加するために必要な方法です

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手動でsources.listを編集する
  • リポジトリを追加するための他の方法は以下のとおりです(利用は自己責任で！)。
  • あなたの現在のsources.listのバックアップを作成します。 
sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

Command explained: sudo - runs the command with elevated privileges. cp - copy. -p - prompt to overwrite if a file already exists. コマンドの説明：sudo - 別のユーザとしてコマンドを実行します。 cp - ファイルを複写します。-p - 既に存在するファイルを上書きするかプロンプトを表示します。

  • Open the list of sources in a text editor (gedit for example is a graphical text editor)
  • sources.listをテキストエディタで編集します(geditはグラフィカルなテキストエディタの例です）。
Ubuntu (GNOME) users:
Ubuntu (GNOME)ユーザ向け: 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Kubuntu (KDE) users:
Kubuntu (KDE) ユーザ向け: 
sudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list
Other users (if the above don't work):
他のユーザ向け(もし上記の記述でうまく動かない場合): 
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Use the following lines as a template to guide you in editing the repositories in sources.list:
  • sources.listを編集するためのガイドテンプレートとして以下の文章を使ってください。
sources.list元の内容をすべて消去して、以下の内容で書き換えます。
国内のミラーサイトを使うために、archive.ubuntu.comの前に"cc."(cc = 国コード)を付け加えることができます。
例) deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty main restricted universe multiverse

※訳注(Suto): 元の内容をすべて消去すると、以前に追加していたUbuntu関連以外のレポジトリも失われてしまうので注意してください。国コードの例をjpに変更しました。

↑(Sunatomo)以上の文章はEdgyの設定よりそのまま複写しています。また、同じように国コードを変更しました。 

## See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
## newer versions of the distribution.
## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.   
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.  
## Uncomment deb-src if you wish to download the source packages
## If you have a install CD you can add it to the reposity using 'apt-cdrom add'
## which will add a line similar to the following:
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 7.04 _Feisty Fawn_ - Beta i386 (20070322.1)]/ feisty main restricted
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted
#deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted
#deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty universe
#deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty multiverse
#deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security main restricted
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security universe
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security multiverse
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty-security multiverse
## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
## Medibuntu - Ubuntu 7.04 "feisty fawn"
## Please report any bug on https://launchpad.net/products/medibuntu/+bugs
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ feisty free non-free
#deb-src http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ feisty free non-free
## CANONICAL COMMERCIAL REPOSITORY (Hosted on Canonical servers, not Ubuntu
## servers. RealPlayer10, Opera, DesktopSecure and more to come.) 
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu feisty-commercial main
## enlightenment e17 beta, use at your own risk
## E17 is in Beta and may break or break your system
#deb http://edevelop.org/pkg-e/ubuntu feisty e17
#deb http://e17.dunnewind.net/ubuntu feisty e17
#deb-src http://edevelop.org/pkg-e/ubuntu feisty e17


  • ※訳注(Jkbys): 日本語ローカライズ版CDイメージを使ってインストールした場合、以下のレポジトリが追加されます。オリジナル版CDでインストールを行った環境でJapanese Teamが提供するパッケージを利用したい場合は追加して下さい。

↑(Sunatomo)以上の文章はEdgyの日本語版より複写し、feistyの設定に準拠しています。 

deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja feisty/
deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja feisty-ja/
  • Save the edited file
  • 編集したファイルを保存してください。
  • Download needed gpg keys; e.g., use the following command for the PLF repository's gpg key:
  • 必要なgpgキーをダウンロードします;例,PLFリポジトリのgpgキーを入手するため、以下のコマンドを実行してください: 
wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Command explained: wget - retrieves a file from a network location. -q - quiet (no output). -O- - Output downloaded item to terminal. コマンドの説明: wget - ネットワークの指定URLよりファイルをダウンロードします。 -q 画面出力を抑止します。 -O- - ダウンロードしたファイルをターミナルの標準出力に伝送します。

This command then completes. the | (pipe symbol) is used to capture the output from the previous command (in our case the screen) and use it as an input for the command piped.

(パイプ処理のシンボル)は前のコマンドで処理された標準出力を取り込み、コマンドパイプの入力として利用します。

"sudo apt-key add -" could actually be read as "sudo apt-key add - mQGiBEVmMkE...=QrqU" which is (shortened) the output of the previous command. If you type the previous command without the section after the pipe you will see the full key. "sudo apt-key add -" は実際には"sudo apt-key add - mQGiBEVmMkE...=QrqU"のように前のコマンドの出力を処理するように読めます。もし、前のコマンドをパイプに引き渡さずにタイプすると全てのキーを確認することができます。

  • If you wish to try out the E17 beta, you will also need to download it's gpg key:
  • もしE17のベータ版を試用したいのなら、このgpgキーをダウンロードする必要があります: 
wget -q http://lut1n.ifrance.com/repo_key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
  • Refresh packages list:
  • パッケージリストを更新します: 
sudo apt-get update




  • Modify the default Ubuntu sources.list only if you understand what you're doing. Mixing repositories can break your system.
  • 既定の Ubuntu の sources.list の改変は、自分が何をしているのか理解している場合に限り行ってください。レポジトリの混合は、システムの破損の原因になることがあります。
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CD-ROMやDVDのリポジトリを追加する
  • (k)ubuntuのCDやDVDのリポジトリをsources.listに追加するには

CDやDVDをドライブに挿入しターミナルで以下のようにコマンドを実行します: 

sudo apt-cdrom add
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Ubuntuのアップデート

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Apt,ソフトウェア・パッケージの基本

ここでは、Aptパッケージ管理ツール使い方についての基本的な情報をいくつか記述します。

ターミナルを立ち上げます（もしGNOMEを使っているのであればアプリケーション -> アクセサリ -> ターミナルで開きます。KDEを使っているのであれば、Kメニューの システム -> Konsoleで開きます）。 Open up a terminal. If you use GNOME, go to Applications>Accessories>Terminal. If you are under KDE, go to System>Konsole in the K menu.

  • パッケージのインストール 
sudo apt-get install <packagename>

例(mpdとsbackupをインストール): 

sudo apt-get install mpd sbackup
  • パッケージのアンインストール 
sudo apt-get remove <packagename>

全ての依存性を除去する際は以下のとおりタイプします 

sudo apt-get autoremove

例: 

sudo apt-get remove mpd sbackup
  • パッケージの検索 
sudo apt-cache search <keywords>

例: 

sudo apt-cache search Music MP3
sudo apt-cache search "Text Editor"
  • Aptデータベースをアップデート(Aptリポジトリを追加/削除後に利用） 
sudo apt-get update
  • パッケージのアップグレード 
sudo apt-get upgrade
  • ディストリビューション全体をアップグレード 
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  • ダウンロードした Ubuntu (Debian) のパッケージ (.deb) を直接インストール 
sudo dpkg -i package.deb
  • Ubuntu (Debian) package Ubuntu (Debian) のパッケージを直接アンインストール 
sudo dpkg -r package
  • インストールされたパッケージを再設定/修復 
sudo dpkg-reconfigure package

例: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mpd
  • ".tar.gz" (Tar/GZip) アーカイブの処理

アーカイブの解凍: 

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

コマンドの説明: tarは書庫ファイルから複数のファイルを抽出することが出来るアプリケーションです。tarは圧縮ファイルを解凍することが出来ません。"x"スイッチはアーカイブからファイルを抽出することを意味します。"v"スイッチは詳細を表示する(何を抽出しているかリスト表示する)ことを意味します。"z"スイッチは gzip アプリケーションへのフィルターです。gzipは書庫ファイルを圧縮するためのアプリケーションです（先に記述のとおり、tarは書庫ファイルを圧縮できません)。"f"オプションは以降に指定したファイルを使用すると言うオプションです。まずはじめにgzipコマンドを利用して書庫を解凍し、その後生成した.tarファイルを用いて書庫からファイルを抽出します。圧縮されていない書庫ファイルに対しては"z"スイッチを指定する必要はありません。

アーカイブの作成: 

tar cvfz package.tar.gz folder
  • ".tar.gz" (Tar/BZip)圧縮ファイルの取扱い(訳者注：".tar.bz"の誤りと思われる)

アーカイブの解凍: 

tar xvjf package.tar.bz

アーカイブの作成: 

tar cvjf package.tar.bz folder
  • ".bz"アーカイブの解凍 
bunzip2 file.bz
  • ".gz"アーカイブの解凍 
gunzip file.gz
  • ソースコードから実行ファイルをビルド

全ての必要な開発用ツール(例えば、ライブラリ、コンパイラ、ヘッダファイル) をインストール済みであることを確認してください。 

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

"uname -r"は今お使いのカーネルバージョンを表示します。

パッケージを展開してください(上記したとおり) 

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

ビルドプロセスを開始してください 

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
make install

追記 - ファイル名の前に"./"とタイプしシェルにそのファイルをアプリケーションとして実行するように指示します。

ビルドが成功したら、将来誰かが利用するときのためにUbuntu (Debian) package (.deb)パッケージを作成することを検討してください。:

パッケージツールをインストール: 

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

"checkinstall"を用いてパッケージを再構築します: 

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
checkinstall

将来誰かが利用するときのために".deb"パッケージをそのままとっておいてください。".deb"パッケージは以下のようにインストールできます: 

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

追記 - これらの基本的な情報は必ずしもこのとおり動作しません。いくつかのパッケージは依存性パッケージの追加が必要であったりパッケージのビルドに追加設定を必要とします。

[edit]

Ubuntuを手動でアップデートするには 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

もしくは

アップデートマネージャを利用します。: システム -> システム管理 -> アップデートマネージャにあります。

[edit]

自動的な方法

[edit]

アプリケーションの追加と削除

"アプリケーションの追加と削除"を用いることでシステムにダメージを与えずに簡単に操作できます。

  • "アプリケーション -> 追加と削除..."をクリックしてください。
  • あなたの追加したいプログラムを検索して探してください。例: MP3と"検索:"リストボックスに入力し、mp3ソフトウェアのリストを表示させます。
  • インストールしたいソフトウェアの左横のチェックボックスをチェックします。
  • "適用(A)"ボタンを押します。
  • インストールしたいソフトウェアパッケージのリストが表示されるでしょう。"OK"をクリックします。
[edit]

Automatix2

Automatix2 is a proprietary script that tries to install some software, and often fails and breaks systems. The Ubuntu community doesn't provide support for it, and we strongly discourage its use. Problems caused by Automatix are often hard to track and solve, and it might sometimes be easier to install a fresh copy of Ubuntu. Automatix2はいくつかのソフトウェアをインストールする私企業のスクリプトですが、しばしばシステム環境を破壊することがあります。Ubuntuコミュニティはこれに対してなんのサポートも供給しておらず、出来るだけ使用しないことをおすすめいたします。Automatixによって引き起こされる問題はしばしば解決や追跡が難しく、Ubuntuのフレッシュインストールをしなおした方がよい状況を引き起こします。

Note from fandelau: If you decide to use Automatix2, it has been my experience that it works flawlessly if you install it right after a fresh install. No Adept or Synaptic package update. No other software installed. Brand spanking new install. It also has been my experience that the apt-get method is less prone to mishaps. fandelauからのノート: Automatx2を使おうとお考えなら、わたしの経験ではbuntuのフレッシュインストール直後にそれをイントールすれば確実に動作しました。Synapticによるパッケージのアップデートを適用なしで、他の追加ソフトウェアのインストールもなしです。これもわたしの経験ですが、apt-getの実行により不具合が発生する可能性が高いようです。

Be aware that package versions change; check and be certain that you are getting the latest package here. パッケージのバージョンが変わったことに気を付けてください; 最新のパッケージhereを入手していることを確認してください。

  • For normal (i386) systems, get this package:
  • 通常の(i386)システムでは、このパッケージを入手します。: 
http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/dists/feisty/main/binary-i386/automatix2_1.1-4.7-7.04feisty_i386.deb
  • Install with this command:
  • このコマンドでインストールします。: 
sudo dpkg -i automatix2_1.1-4.7-7.04feisty_i386.deb


  • For amd64 systems, get this package:
  • amd64システムでは、このパッケージを入手します。: 
http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/dists/feisty/main/binary-amd64/automatix2_1.1-4.6-7.04feisty_amd64.deb
  • Install with this command:
  • このコマンドでインストールします。: 
sudo dpkg -i automatix2_1.1-4.6-7.04feisty_amd64.deb
  • Automatix2 is available in Applications > System Tools > Automatix
  • インストール後、Automatix2のリンクはメニューの"アプリケーション -> システムツール -> Automatix"にあります。
[edit]

aptを利用したもうひとつのインストール方法

第1ステップ: 

echo "deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt feisty main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

第2ステップ: 

wget http://www.getautomatix.com/keys/automatix2.key

第3ステップ: 

gpg --import automatix2.key

第4ステップ: 

gpg --export --armor E23C5FC3 | sudo apt-key add -

第5ステップ: 

sudo apt-get update

第6ステップ: 

sudo apt-get install automatix2
[edit]

Add-On Applications

[edit]

rarアーカイブを取り扱うには 

sudo apt-get install unrar
[edit]

Pidgin インスタントメッセンジャーをインストールするには

Pidgin (以前のGaim)インスタントメッセンジャーをプラグインパックと一緒にUbuntu Feisty Fawnにインストールする方法をお探しでしたら、以下のガイドをチェックしてください。

Pidginはもうすぐリポジトリに追加されると思われます。

[edit]

Firefox ウィジェットのインストール方法

Firefox ウィジェットは全てのFirefoxのアイコン・ボタンそしてラジオボタンを変更するひとつの方法です。Firefox ウィジェットをインストールすることでボタンやその他のコンポーネンツの見た目をシャープにします。 Firefox Widgets is a way of fixing all of Firefox's icons such as Buttons and Radio Buttons. With Firefox Widgets installed your Buttons and other components will look much sharper!

[edit]

Java & Non-Media Browser Plug-ins

[edit]

J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) v6.0 と Mozilla Firefox用のプラグインを一緒にインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-fonts
  • 質問されますので(シェル上で)、DLJ使用許諾条項に同意してください。

64-bitのfirefox プラグインがまだないため、上記の設定では amd64 環境では動きません。32-bitの firefox が必要です。Ubuntuforumsはいくつかの32-bit アプリケーションをamd64環境で設定するために 特別なスクリプト を提供しています。

amd64環境でJavaを利用するための別な選択肢としてはblackdown Javaを使うことです。しかしこれはバグが多く全てのJavaアプリケーションが動作するわけではありません。また、これはクローズドソースのアプリケーションでこれを利用するべく提供するだけの利点はありません。これはしかしながらGentooなどのディストリビューションではデフォルトのJavaアプリケーションとして配布されています。 

sudo apt-get install j2re1.4-mozilla-plugin

以上がblackdown Javaをインストールするための設定です。

[edit]

Mozilla Firefox用の Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) プラグインをインストールするには

EDIT: Please note that there is a free open source way of using flash posted below. This is using GNASH - a gnu flash replacement. Its not perfect (yet) however for those interested in open source software please skip below. It works on both 32 and 64 bit Ubuntu. - Pete EDIT: オープンソースソフトウェアでフラッシュを使用する方法もあることを追記してください。それはGNASH - GNUによるflashのリプレースを使う方法です。GNASHはまだ完全に動作していませんがオープンソースの興味深いソフトウェアです。また、32bit・64bitの双方で動作します。

Note: The best way to install the Macromedia Flash Player plug-in for Mozilla Firefox is to use Firefox and visit Adobe.com: Version test for Adobe Flash Player. Then you will see a note about firefox missing a plugin for flash. Click this note and follow any steps that firefox tells you to follow. Normally firefox installs this plugin automatically when you click "install now". 追記: Mozilla Firefox用のMacromedia Flash Player プラグインをインストールするためにもっとも最適な方法はFirefoxでAdobe.com: Version test for Adobe Flash Playerを訪れることです。そして、firefoxがプラグインが見当たらない場合のノートについて確認出来ます。このノートをクリックして続くステップを進んでください。通常firefoxは"install now"をクリックすることで自動的にプラグインをインストールします。

It could also be done using a package manager: パッケージマネージャーを利用することでも上記の動作を実行できます: 

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
  • Mozilla Firefoxを再起動します

Note: if sound doesn't work in Flash Player (for example on YouTube): 追記: Flash Playerで音がならない場合は(例えばYouTubeなどで): 

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

この設定を: 

FIREFOX_DSP=""

このように変更します: 

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox. Now sound should work in Flash Player.
  • Mozilla Firefoxを再起動します。Flash Playerから音が鳴るでしょう。

64-bit 版のfirefoxプラグインがないため、上記設定はamd64では動作しません。32-bit firefoxが必要になります。Ubuntuforumsはamd64環境でのいくつかの32-bitアプリケーションを設定するための特別なスクリプトを供給しています。 This doesn't work for amd64, since there's no 64-bit firefox plugin. A 32-bit firefox is necessary. Ubuntuforums provides special scripts for configuring some 32-bit applications in amd64.

If after trying the above you still don't have sound in Flash try this: もし上記の設定を試してもまだ音がならない場合は以下の項目を試してみてください:

How to setup PulseAudio Sound Server How to setup PulseAudio Sound Server

I actually found PulseAudio to be a better solution, firefox shares the sound with other apps. firefoxが他のアプリケーションとサウンドデバイスを共有する、PulseAudioがもっともよい解決方法です。


GNASH open source alternative GNASH オープンソースでの他の解決方法

64 bit users please note - this is a better workaround than installing 32 bit firefox. If you require only simple flash (ie not YouTube etc) the you can use the GPL version of flash within your browser. For a workaround to playing YouTube and Google video please keep reading. 64bit ユーザ向けノート - 32bit firefoxを入れるよりGNASHを使った方がよいです。もし単純なflashだけ必要なら(YouTubeなどのようでは無く)GPLバージョンのフラッシュをあなたのブラウザで使用できます。 YouTubeやGoogle ビデオを見るためには以下の記述を読んでください。

コード: 

sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-gnash

This works for most flash sites other than Youtube and Google video. However as this is a showstopper for a lot of People and I have been hearing NOTHING but complaints about this so I have located a workaround for all of you. この設定でYouTubeやGoogleビデオ以外の他の多くのflashサイトが動作します。しかしこの設定は多くの人にとってshowstopperであり、この設定に関してクレームを受けたことは"まったく"ありません。

Goto the website このWebサイトに行ってください。 

http://1024k.de/bookmarklets/video-bookmarklets.html

Where the site states "bookmark this link" right click and book mark it. "bookmark this link"と書かれた部分を右クリックしてブックマークを保存してください。

Then head over to youtube. Try to watch a video and note it does not play :(

Then go to your newly created bookmark. You can now download the file as a video file. I use VLC to play the files (so see installing VLC later in this guide).

All you have to do is download the file to your desktop and open with VLC. GNASH is soon going to be updated as a fully working version that can play youtube videos so this workaround will only be temporary anyway. So go on - support open source software so we can stop relying on Adobe for its flash player. - pete

[edit]

P2P BitTorrentクライアント(Azureus)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install azureus
  • アプリケーション -> インターネット -> Azureus でプログラムを起動してください。
[edit]

P2P BitTorrentクライアント(Deluge)をインストールするには

[edit]
バイナリパッケージ(安定版)をインストールするには
  • 以下のパッケージをダウンロードしてインストールします (i386) 
wget http://download.deluge-torrent.org/stable/ubuntu/feisty/deluge-torrent_0.5.1-0zachtib1_i386.deb && \         
sudo dpkg -i deluge-torrent_0.5.0-2zachtib1_i386.deb && \
rm deluge-torrent_0.5.0-2zachtib1_i386.deb
  • 以下のパッケージをダウンロードしてインストールします (amd64) 
wget http://download.deluge-torrent.org/stable/ubuntu/feisty/deluge-torrent_0.5.1-0zachtib1_amd64.deb && \
sudo dpkg -i deluge-torrent_0.5.0-2zachtib1_i386.deb && \
rm deluge-torrent_0.5.0-2zachtib1_i386.deb
[edit]
ソースコード(Unstable)からコンパイルするには
  • 依存性のあるパッケージをダウンロードし、最新のソースを入手、そしてインストールします。 
sudo apt-get install subversion build-essential python-all-dev python-all \
python-support libboost-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-date-time-dev \
libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-serialization-dev \
libboost-program-options-dev libboost-regex-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev && \
svn checkout http://deluge-torrent.org/svn/trunk deluge && \
cd deluge && python setup.py build && sudo python setup.py install
  • インストールファイルを削除します。 
cd .. && rm -Rf deluge/
  • (もしアップグレードするならば)ふるい設定ファイルを削除します。 
rm -Rf ~/.config/deluge/
  • アプリケーション -> インターネット -> Deluge BitTorrent クライアント からプログラムを起動します。
[edit]

Wineをインストールするには

Add the repository's key to your system's list of trusted APT keys by copy and pasting the following: 以下の設定を複写してシステムの信頼できるAPTキーリストにリポジトリキーを追加します: 

wget -q http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/387EE263.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Next, add the repository to your system's list of APT sources: 次に、APTソースリストに以下のリポジトリを追加します: 

sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/feisty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

After that, use this command to install. その後、以下のコマンドでインストールします。 

sudo apt-get install wine

Finally, go to your Update Manager to check if you have the latest Wine release. アップデートマネージャを起動し、最新のWineリリースがあるか確認してください。 System -> Administration -> Update Manager システム -> 管理者 -> アップデートマネージャ

[edit]
Wineでプログラムを実行するには

Once Wine is installed, you can run programs in Wine by using the terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal). Then if you want to try to install/run a program under Wine do this: 一旦Wineをインストールすると、ターミナルを利用(アプリケーション -> アクセサリ -> ターミナル)してプログラムをWine上で実行できます。もしワイン上でプログラムをインストール/実行したい場合は以下のようにします。

1. (実行したい)EXEファイルをダウンロードします。

2. ターミナル上のcdコマンドでEXEファイルのあるディレクトリまで移動します。

3. "wine EXENAME.exe"(役者注:EXENAME.exeには自分の実行したいEXEファイル名を入れてください)と入力するとインストールが開始されます。

4. インストールが動作するすることを祈ってください。

5. プログラムが動作することを祈ってください。

If you are using a dual boot computer with Windows, Ubuntu has probably mounted your C drive. If that's true, then go into the terminal and you can follow these steps. もしWindowsとのデュアルブート環境のコンピュータをお使いの場合は、Ubuntuはおそらくあなたの(訳者注:Windows上の)Cドライブをマウントしているはずです。もしそうならば、ターミナルを起動し以下のステップを実行してください。

1. 実行したい(インストール対象ではない)EXEファイルの含まれるどれかのディレクトリに移動してください。

2. "wine EXENAME.exe"と入力するとそのファイルは実行されるでしょう。

3. プログラムが動作することを祈ってください。

[edit]
µTorrentをWine上で使用するには

This assumes you have downloaded µTorrent and installed wine. ここではµTorrentのダウンロードとWineへのインストールについて説明します。 

Versions:
 µTorrent 1.6.1 (from µTorrent.com)
 wine 0.9.37 (from Wine HQ)

µTorrentインストーラプログラムをダウンロードします。 

wget http://download.utorrent.com/1.6.1/uTorrent-1.6.1-install.exe

Wine上でインストーラを実行します。 

wine uTorrent-1.6.1-install.exe

The installer will install wine into your ~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files location and create menu links for you (in Gnome at least). インストーラは~/.wine/drive_c/Program FilesにµTorrentをインストールし、メニューリンクを作成(少なくともGnomeでは)します。

I've left the older method below for reference. 過去のインストール方法も以下に参照で掲載します。 

    sudo gedit /usr/bin/utorrent
Paste the inside of that file
以下の記述をエディタに貼り付けます。
    #!/bin/sh
    cd ~/''YOURPATH''/utorrent
    if [ "$1" != "" ]; then
    var="`echo $1 | sed 's/\//\\\/g'`"
    var="Z:${var}"
    wine utorrent.exe "$var"
    else
    wine utorrent.exe
    fi
Replace ''"YOURPATH"'' with the location of µTorrent. Save and exit then type the following to make it executable.
''"YOURPATH"''にはµTorrentへのパスを入力します。この設定を/usr/bin/utorrentとして保存し、実行可能に設定します。
    sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/utorrent
[edit]

How to install a Quran researching tool (zekr) and/or Gnomesword (bible program)コーランの調査ツール(zekr) や Gnomesword(聖書プログラム)をインストールする方法

コーランのインストール:

Zekr is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Holy Quran. It is a Quran-based project, planned to be a universal, open source, and cross-platform application to perform most of the usual refers to Quran. The main idea is to build an as generic as possible platform to accept different Islamic resources. Zekr はコーランの文言を単純に閲覧したり探すための学習ツールのオープンプラットフォームです。それはコーランを沢山参照できるよう、オープンソースライセンスの元で、世界中に、クロスプラットフォームで提供されるQuran-basedプロジェクトの成果物です。異なるイスラムのリソースを受け入れられるよう標準的なプラットフォームとして動作するように設計されています。

Currently Zekr has English, Persian, French, German, Arabic, Indonesian, Russian, Dutch, Kurdish, Malay, Turkish and Urdu built-in language packs. In addition, it includes English, Persian, and Russian Quran translations. 現在、Zekrは英語、ペルシャ語、フランス語、ドイツ語、アラビア語、インドネシア語、ロシア語、オランダ語、クルド語、マレーシア語、トルコ語そしてウルドゥ語の言語パックがあります。 追加として、英語、ペルシャ語、ロシア語に訳されたコーランも含まれています。

  • Make sure that Sun JRE is the default JRE (zekr also works with the new version of gij).
  • SunJREがデフォルトのJREであることを確認してください(zekrはgijの最新バージョンでも動作します)。
  • Run the following command in the terminal:
  • 次のコマンドをターミナル上で実行します。: 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add The following line at the end of the file:
  • 以下の行をsources.listファイルの最後尾に追加します: 
deb http://siahe.com/zekr/apt feisty main
  • Add the GPG key
  • GPGキーを追加します。: 
wget -q http://siahe.com/zekr/apt/zekr.debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
  • Run the following commands in the terminal:
  • 以下のコマンドをターミナル上で実行します。: 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install zekr ttf-me-quran ttf-scheherazade
sudo apt-get install ttf-farsiweb ttf-arabeyes

sudo apt-get install zekr-quran-translation-extras
  • If you are upgrading from a previous installed version of zekr, to use the new font configuration of zekr run the following command in the terminal:
  • 前バージョンのzekrからアップグレードするには、新しいフォント設定を使う必要があります。以下のコマンドをターミナル上で実行します。: 
mv ~/.zekr ~/zekr-backup
[edit]
Bible install聖書をインストールするには
  • Step 1: Open terminal and enter:

Step 1: ターミナルを開き、以下のコマンドを実行します: 

sudo apt-get install gnomesword sword-language-pack-en sword-text-web

This installs the english version of the program. If you require other languages type:

  • これは英語版のプログラムをインストールします。もし他の言語版が必要な場合は以下のとおりコマンドを実行します: 
sudo apt-cache search bible

Take a look at the sword-language-pack's and the sword-text's for additional languages and install as needed. Gnomesword is found under Applications-Accessories.

  • 追加言語用のsword-language-pack群やsword-textがあることを確認し必要な言語の分をインストールしてください。Gnomeswordのショートカットはアプリケーション -> アクセサリにあります。

Under KDE: KDE:上では

Instead of gnomesword, use this command:

  • Gnomeswordの代わりとして以下のコマンドを入力してください: 
sudo apt-get install kio-sword
[edit]

Keeping your clock synchronized with time serversタイムサーバとあなたのPCの時計を同期させるには

I found doing this via the command line was better than letting Ubuntu do it for you. (Ubuntu does it for you if you adjust date and time and then tell it to update from time servers - it automatically installs the package ntp.) システムが自動的にパッケージをインストールするより、コマンドラインで手動でインストールする方が正常に動作します。 (日付や時刻の調整(J)ダイアログでもntpパッケージを自動的にインストールされますが）

I found that if I let Ubuntu do it on my 64 bit system, then ran amd64環境で正常に動作するためには-f(強制)オプションを付けてインストールをする必要があります。 

sudo apt-get -f install

apt-get wanted to remove package ntp for some reason. apt-get コマンドがntpパッケージをいくつかの理由で削除するよう要求することがあります。

しかし、もし以下のようにターミナルで実行しインストールすると、タイムサーバと同期するようにシステムに伝えるが何も起こらない。 However if you type 

sudo apt-get install ntp

Prior to telling ubuntu to keep synchronized with time servers it does not cause this to happen.

You do not need to configure anything if you install ntp from the command line as it automatically sets itself up to update with Ubuntu's clock, however you cann add additional (closer) internet clocks by adjusting date and time (right click on your clock). ntpをコマンドラインでインストールしたのならば、何も手動で設定をする必要がなく自動的にシステムの時計をタイムサーバと同期するように設定されます。しかしながら、時刻同期をするためのより近いサーバを追加することができます（メニューバーの時計を右クリックして表示されるメニューの中から、

[edit]

Gamesゲーム

[edit]

kdegames

The kdegames metapackage contains a collection of games based on the KDE framework. It is similar to gnome-games for GNOME. kdegamesメタパッケージはKDEフレームワークを基本としたゲームのコレクションです。GNOME上でのgnome-gamesのそれと似ています。 To install from a terminal: ターミナルからインストールするには: 

sudo aptitude install kdegames

The KDE libraries will be installed automatically if not present. KDEライブラリはもしインストールされていなければ自動的にされます。 This package integrates very well with Kubuntu and the kubuntu-desktop package. It also receives support from the Ubuntu security team. このパッケージはKubuntuとkubuntu-desktopパッケージとうまく統合されています。また、Ubuntuセキュリティチームからサポートを受けています。 To uninstall: アンインストールするには: 

sudo aptitude remove kdegames
[edit]

Super Nintendo Emulator (ZSNES) 1.510 for i386/AMD64

For support or questions please see this thread http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=432642 

echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org feisty main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://packages.dfreer.org/5A22BD68.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install zsnes32 #for amd64 users
sudo apt-get install zsnes   #for everyone else
  • Applications > Games > zsnes or zsnes32
[edit]

Playstation 1 Emulator (pSX) 1.11 for i386/AMD64

For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394097 

echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org feisty main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://packages.dfreer.org/5A22BD68.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install psx32 #for amd64 users
sudo apt-get install psx   #for everyone else
  • Applications > Games > pSX or pSX32
[edit]

Playstation 1 Emulator (ePSXe) 1.6.0 for i386/AMD64

Read this tutorial: http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=95835

[edit]

Firewall

Please note: Most security experts agree that having a firewall is one of the best ways of preventing exploits on systems. If you have a computer that will be used on a network that you have no knowledge of (eg a wireless hotspot) or you connect to the internet using a modem (ie your computer gets a live IP address) I would suggest you seriously think of installing a software based firewall. ノート:多くのセキュリティエキスパートがシステムへの進入を防止する最前の方法としてfirewallを持つことを挙げています。もしあなたがネットワークの知識がない状態(無線LANのhotspotのように)やインターネットにモデム接続(コンピュータが生のIPアドレスを取得する)ようなコンピュータをお使いの場合、firewallソフトウェアをインストールすることを真剣におすすめいたします。

[edit]
Firewall (Firestarter)をインストールするには 
sudo apt-get install firestarter
  • システム -> システム管理 -> Firestarterで起動します。

For more information please visit: http://www.fs-security.com/ さらに情報が必要な際はこちらをご覧ください。

[edit]
Firestarterを閉じた際に最小化しパネルアイコン表示にするには
  • Firestarterを既に起動した状態にします
  • 設定 -> インターフェースタグ -> ウィンドウを閉じたら最少化してパネル通知エリアに格納するにチェックを入れて、"適用(A)"ボタンをクリックしてください。
[edit]
スタートアップ時に自動的にFirestarterを起動させるには
  • システム -> 設定 -> セッションでセッションウィンドウを開き、自動起動するプログラムタグで新規(N)ボタンを押します。
  • 名前フィールドに以下のとおり入力します: 
Firestarter
  • GUIなしでコマンドフィールドを指定する際(パネル通知エリアにFirestarterのアイコンを表示しません)は以下のとおり入力します: 
sudo firestarter --start-hidden
  • GUIありでコマンドフィールドを指定する際(パネル通知エリアにFirestarterのアイコンを表示する)は以下のとおり入力します: 
sudo firestarter --start-hidden &
  • 両方のフィールドを埋めたら、"OK(O)"ボタンを押します

If you restart your computer, you may not see Firestarter's icon in Ubuntu. This is normal. Once Firestarter is installed you will always have that firewall. The only thing that doesn't run on startup is its GUI (Graphical User Interface). For more information, try this topic: Firestarter does not start automatically コンピュータを再起動すると、Firestarterのアイコンが見られなくなるでしょう。でもそれは正常な動作です。一度Firestarterがインストールされると常にfirewallが動作している状態になります。GUI(グラフィカル ユーザ インターフェース)がスタートアップで表示されないだけです。さらに情報が必要な場合はFirestarter does not start automaticallyをご覧ください。

[edit]
rootのパスワードなしでFirestarterを起動するには

警告: この記載事項は安全ではありません !!! 

export EDITOR=gedit
sudo visudo
  • navigate to the # Defaults section
  • visudoの"# Defaults section"を探し、
  • and place a # in front of this line: Defaults !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn
  • "Defaults  !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn"と書かれている場所の先頭にカーソルを移動します。
  • so it looks like this:
  • このように見える場所です: 
#Defaults     !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn
  • then add this line right after it:
  • その行の右側に以下のように追記します。 
Defaults !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn,env_reset,env_keep+="DISPLAY HOME XAUTHORIZATION"
  • At the very bottom of the file add the line:
  • ファイルの最下行に以下の行を追加します。 
your_user_name ALL= NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/firestarter

Remember to replace 'you_user_name' with your actual username 'you_user_name'の記述をあなたの実際のユーザ名に置き換えるのをお忘れなく

  • Save the file and restart the computer
  • visudoエディタの編集結果を保存し、コンピュータを再起動します。
[edit]

Multimedia Players & Browser Plug-ins マルチメディアプレーヤとブラウザプラグインについて

[edit]

FireFoxでストリーミングデータを再生するには

FireFoxでストリーミングデータを再生するのは簡単になりました。Media Player Connectivity Plug-in for FireFox向けメディアプレーヤー接続プラグインをインストールしてください。FireFoxの外部でそれぞれのファイルタイプに応じた別々のメディアプレーヤが起動し再生します。

[edit]

Multimedia Codecs をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras libxine-extracodecs gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-pitfdll

"ubuntu-restricted-extras"は以下のパッケージ:flashplugin-nonfree, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse, msttcorefonts,sun-java6-jre and sun-java6-plugin をインストールするメタパッケージです。

重要事項: w32codecsは様々なWindowsソフトウェア向けにマルチメディアフォーマットを取り扱うために供給されたDLLファイルのコピーです。[citation needed] 

sudo apt-get install w32codecs

Kubuntuユーザ向けのノート: 技術的にはKaffeineで追加コーデックを再生するのに必要なパッケージはlibxine-extracodecs とw32codecsだけです。しかしながら全ての上記パッケージをインストールするしても何も問題にはならず、これらのパッケージは他のプログラムで必要になるでしょう(例えば、Open Office Impressはgstreamer プレゼンテーション上のビデオを再生するためにgstreamerプラグインを使います）。


Tip: WMV9 codecs on amd64 can work only by using VLC (out of the box from the official repositories) or by installing the latest version of mplayer (Version 1.0rc1 at the moment of writing) Xine should also work if you follow the guide on how to install Xine further down.

追加説明｜amd64環境上でのWMV9コーデックはVLC(公式リポジトリ外の)のみ、もしくは最新のmplayer(いまこれを書いている時点ではバージョン1.0rc1)で動作します。また、以下のガイドにインストール方法が書いてあるXineでも動作します。

[edit]

DVD 再生サポートをインストールするには

ironss: gstreamer dvd plugin is available as part of plugins-bad (or ugly?) and does not work reliably. However, Totem works with the xine backend to play back DVDs. This will keep you going until gstreamer gets dvd playback. Note that you do not have to install xine-ui or mplayer.

ironss: gstreamerDVDプラグインはplugins-bad(もしくはplugins-ugly)の一部として供給されており、信頼できるレベルでは動作しません。しかし、TotemはxineをバックエンドにすることでDVD再生を行えます。この設定はgstreamerでのDVD再生が完全にサポートされるまで有効でしょう。あなたはxine-uiやmplayerをインストールする必要はありません。 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3 
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
[edit]

MIDIサウンドサーバ(Timidity++)をインストールするには

  • #全体に共通する注意事項をお読みください。
  • #拡張レポジトリを追加するにはをお読みください。
  • Timidity allows for the playback of MIDI by those who do not have MIDI hardware or MIDI processing built into their sound card (most users) via a software synthesizer.
  • TimidityはMIDIハードウェアやMIDIプロセスを処理できるサウンドカードを持っていない人(大抵のユーザ)にソフトウェアシンセサイザーを介してMIDIファイルを再生を提供します。
  • First install Timidity まずTimidityをインストールします。 
sudo apt-get install timidity
  • Set up Timidity to start on boot Timididyをブート時に起動するよう設定します。 
sudo gedit /etc/default/timidity
  • Uncomment the following line (remove the "#" sign) 以下の行のコメントを外します("#"を消します) 
#TIM_ALSASEQ=true
  • Set the required modules to load as well 必要なモジュールをロードできるようセットします。 
sudo gedit /etc/modules
  • Add the following modules to the end of the file 以下のモジュールをファイルの最後尾に追加します。 
snd-seq-device
snd-seq-midi
snd-seq-oss
snd-seq-midi-event
snd-seq
  • Restart your computer コンピュータを再起動してください。
[edit]

Elisaマルチメディアプレーヤをインストールするには

Fluendo’s Elisa is a free software media center application that can play your DVDs, video files, music, and pictures. Since it is designed for extensibility, Elisa has the potential to do much more. It does not handle television or video recording functions, but it is a slick and promising project. Fluendo' s ElisaはDVD、ビデオファイル、音楽、静止画像を再生可能なメディアセンターアプリケーションです。機能拡張できるように設計されているため、Elisaはさらに色々なことを追加して実行可能です。テレビの操作や録画の機能についてはまだありませんが、将来これらに付いても期待できます。

[edit]

Multimedia Playing Server (MPD)をインストールするには

Note: MPD is a audio playing server. It acts as a digital jukebox allowing playlist management over the network. The computer with MPD running on needs to be connected to an Amplifier (or similar) as it does not stream audio by default, it simply plays it. However, it can be configured to stream using Icecast and JACK. ノート: MPDはオーディオの再生サーバです。ネットワーク上で再生リスト管理が可能なデジタルジュークボックスとして動作します。MPDが動作しているコンピュータは単純に再生するだけでオーディオデータをストリーム上に流さない(標準の動作)場合は、アンプやそれに類するものに接続する必要があります。

Music Player Daemon (MPD)

  • Install MPD
  • MPDをインストールするには 
sudo apt-get install mpd
  • Create link to your audio (MP3 etc) collection
  • あなたのオーディオコレクション(MP3ほか)にリンクするには 
sudo ln -s /path/to/your/music /var/lib/mpd/music/collection
  • Restart MPD
  • MPDを再起動します 
sudo /etc/init.d/mpd restart
  • Advanced Configuration
  • 拡張設定 
gksudo gedit /etc/mpd.conf
  • Install standard Gnome client
  • 標準のGnome向けクライアントをインストールします

Alternative clients, including web-based versions are detailed on the MPD Wiki. 他のクライアントとして、WebベースのバージョンについてMPD wikiに説明があります。 

sudo apt-get install gmpc
  • Configure GMPC
  • GMPCを設定します

Click Applications > Sound & Video > Gnome Music Player Client アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> Gnome Music Player Clientをクリックします。

Click on Options icon, set Host, Port and connection options. The default settings will connect to MPD running on "localhost". Set the "Autoconnect" option if required. The default MPD port is 6600, make sure you unblock this port on your firewall. オプションアイコンをクリックし、ホストアドレス・ポートそしてオプションを設定します。規定の設定は"localhost"として実行されているMPDに接続します。必要ならば"Autoconnect"オプションを設定します。規定のポート番号は6600で、firewallがそのポートを塞いでいないか確認してください。

  • Using GMPC
  • GMPCを使ってみる

Click on Playlist icon. Expand the "Browse Filesystem" tree, right-click on your audio collection and click "Update". This will cause the MPD server to reindex your audio files. No files are changed during this process. "Playlist"アイコンをクリックします。"Browse Filesystem"ツリーを広げ、オーディオ接続を右クリックして"Update"をクリックしてください。これでMPDサーバにオーディオファイルのリスト再作成をさせます。この実行ではオーディオファイルの変更はされません(リスト再作成だけです）。

When completed, navigate through your audio via the "Browse Filesystem" tree. Right-click on folders and tracks to add them to playlist, or manage existing playlist. リストの再作成が終わったら"Browse Filesystem"ツリーを介してオーディオファイルを操作できます。フォルダやトラックを右クリックしプレイリストに追加します、もしくは既に存在するプレイリストを操作します。

[edit]

マルチメディアプレーヤ(xine-ui)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> xineで起動します。
[edit]

マルチメディアプレーヤ(MPlayer)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install mplayer libxine-extracodecs
  • Note: Kubuntu users may also want to install the KDE user interface for MPlayer
  • ノート: KubuntuユーザはMPlayerのKDEユーザインターフェースをインストールする必要があるでしょう 
sudo apt-get install kmplayer
  • An MPlayer plug-in for Firefox can also be installed:
  • Firefox用MPlayerプラグインをインストールすることもできます:　 
sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> MPlayer
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> MPlayerで起動します。
[edit]

メディアプレーヤ(VLC)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-*
  • In order to stream video via vlc, you also need to install the following packages.
  • ストリームビデオをvlc経由で実行するには、以下のパッケージも必要です。 
sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
sudo apt-get install avahi-utils
  • A VLC plug-in for Firefox can also be installed
  • Firefox向けのVLCプラグインは以下のとおりでインストールされます。 
sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-vlc
  • Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> VLC Media Playerで起動します。
[edit]

How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS)メディアプレーヤ(XMMS)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-skins xmms-wma
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> ->XMMSで起動します。
[edit]

マルチメディアプレーヤ(Songbird)をインストールするには 

#Multimedia Codecs をインストールするにはをお読みください。

First download this shell script from Psychocats.net まずPsychocats.netよりこのShellスクリプトをダウンロードします。 Open up the terminal and type these commands in one at a time ターミナルを開き、以下のコマンドを続けて入力します。 

cd Desktop
chmod +x installsongbird.sh
./installsongbird.sh
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Songbird
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> Songbirdで起動します。

To remove if you want use this shell script and use the same instructions that you used to install songbird but substitute install with remove. もしアンインストールする際は以下のshellスクリプトをダウンロードしし、songbirdのインストール時に行ったのと同じ手順でアンインストール処理を行ってください。

[edit]

マルチメディアプレーヤ (amaroK)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install amarok
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> amarokで起動します。

Note: If amaroK complains about the "dcopserver" program not running, follow this tip from http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=107269&highlight=dcopserver ノート: amarokが"dcopserver"'が動作していないと警告を発する場合、http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=107269&highlight=dcopserve のとおり処理してください。' 

sudo chown -R `whoami`:`whoami` ~/.*
[edit]
amaroK をアンインストールするには 
sudo apt-get remove amarok
[edit]

Music Manager and Player (Banshee)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install banshee
[edit]
Bansheeをアンインストールするには 
sudo apt-get remove banshee
[edit]

Music Manager and Player (Listen) をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install listen
[edit]
Listen をアンインストールするには 
sudo apt-get remove listen
[edit]

Music Manager and Player (Exaile!) をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install exaile
[edit]
Exaile! をアンインストールするには 
sudo apt-get remove exaile
[edit]

Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install realplay
Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repository, which should be enabled if you followed this guide. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.
ノート: 以下のガイドを有効にすると'realplay'はPLFリポジトリよりRealPlayer10をインストールします。それ以外の場合'realplay'multiverseレポジトリ上のRealPlayer8をインストールします。

[** 29/05/07 - Currently appears to be broken - error "E: Couldn't find package realplay" **] [** 29/05/07 - 現在のところリンク先が壊れているようです- error "E: Couldn't find package realplay" ** ]

  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> RealPlayer10

It will also install all the necessary plugins automagically for it to view embedded real videos in Firefox Firefox上で有効なreal-videoを見るために必要なプラグインは自動的にインストールされます。

  • To avoid issues of flickering or screen going blank when switching windows, goto
  • ウィンドウを切り替えた際に点滅したり、スクリーンが真っ暗になる現象を避けるには
    • RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo
    • RealPlayer 10のメニューでツール -> 設定 -> ハードウェア -> XVideoのチェックを外す処理をしてください。
  • To avoid issues with sound
  • 音がならない場合は
    • Make sure you have ALSA OSS driver.
    • ALSA OSS dライバがインストールされているか確認してください。 
sudo apt-get install alsa-oss

then edit the startup script (/usr/lib/realplay-10.0.8/realplay) and changed line 73 from そしてスタートアップスクリプト(/usr/lib/realplay-10.0.8)を編集し73行目を 

$REALPLAYBIN “$@”

to から 

aoss $REALPLAYBIN “$@”

へ変更してください。 Alternative Source (RECCOMENDED) 別なソース()

Then add execute permissions to the installer and execute it. ダウンロードしたインストーラに実行パーミッションを付与し実行します。 

chmod +x RealPlayer10GOLD.bin
sudo ./RealPlayer10GOLD.bin
[edit]

Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)をインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install streamtuner streamripper
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> streamtunerで実行します。
[edit]
Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)をアンインストールするには 
sudo apt-get remove streamtuner streamripper
[edit]

Internet TV (Democracy TV)をインストールするには

Democracy Playerをインストールする 

sudo apt-get install democracyplayer

(optionally) 追加コーデックをインストールする 

sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs

Applications -> Sound & Video -> Democracy TV アプリケーション サウンドとビデオ -> Democracy TVで実行します。

[edit]

Firefox向けのマルチメディアプラグインをインストールするには

  • #全体に共通する注意事項をお読みください。
  • #拡張リポジトリを追加するにはをお読みください。
  • Users only need to install one of the following plug-ins. Choose the plug-in that matches your preferred media player. If multiple plug-ins are installed, Firefox will use the most recently installed plug-in.
  • ひとつのプラグインをインストールするだけです。あなたの参照用メディアプレーヤにマッチするプラグインを選択してください。もし複数のプラグインがインストールされると、Firefoxは最近インストールしたプラグインを使用します。
  • Note: While all of the following choices will work, users of Kubuntu are advised to use either the Kaffeine option and Ubuntu users are advised to use the Totem option, as those programs are the default media players for their respective distributions.
  • ノート:以下の設定内容が全て動作するように(各ディストリビューション向けのデフォルトプレーヤである)KubuntuユーザはKaffeineオプションを、UbuntuユーザはTotemオプションを使うようお勧めします。
[edit]
Totem plug-in (Ubuntu users) 
sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
  • Mozilla Firefoxを再起動します。
[edit]
Kaffeine plug-in (Kubuntu users) 
sudo apt-get install kaffeine-mozilla
  • Mozilla Firefoxを再起動します。
[edit]
MPlayer plug-in (Installs MPlayer media player as well) 
sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
  • Mozilla Firefoxを再起動します。
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> MPlayer MoviePlayerで実行できます。
[edit]
VLC plug-in (Installs VLC media player as well) 
sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc
  • In order to stream video via vlc, you also need to install the following packages.
  • ビデオをvlc経由でストリーム再生するには、以下のパッケージもインストールする必要があります。 
sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
sudo apt-get install avahi-utils
  • Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player
  • アプリケーション -> サウンドとビデオ -> VLC Media Playerで実行できます。
[edit]

How to install inkscape vector illustrator incscapeベクトルドローソフトをインストールするには 

sudo apt-get install inkscape
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Inkscape vector illustrator
  • アプリケーション -> グラフィックス -> Inkscape vector illustratorで起動します。
[edit]

他のデスクトップ環境

[edit]

KDE (Kubuntu)をインストールするには 

sudo aptitude install kubuntu-desktop
注意: このインストールには最大約400MBのディスク領域が必要になります。

The system will ask you if you want to use kdm or gdm. gdm is recommended.

  • システム -> 終了... -> ログアウト(L)で現在のウィンドウマネージャを終了します
  • KDEにログインするには、セッションをクリックして、KDEを選びます。
[edit]
KDE (Kubuntu)をアンインストールするには

KDEをaptitudeを使ってインストールした場合は以下のコマンドでアンインストールしてください。 

sudo aptitude remove kubuntu-desktop

aptitudeを使っていないならばこのとても短い解説のとおり実行ください。

[edit]

XFCE (Xubuntu)をインストールするには 

sudo aptitude install xubuntu-desktop

The xubuntu gdm theme will be set as the default. xubuntuではgdmテーマがデフォルトとしてセットされます。

  • システム -> 終了... -> ログアウト(L)で現在のウィンドウマネージャを終了します
  • XFCEにログインするには、セッションをクリックして、XFCEを選びます。
[edit]
XFCE (Xubuntu)をアンインストールするには

XFCEをaptitudeを使ってインストールした場合は以下のコマンドでアンインストールしてください。 

sudo aptitude remove xubuntu-desktop

aptitudeを使っていないならばこのとても短い解説のとおり実行ください。

[edit]

FluxBoxをインストールするには

これがFluxBoxのスクリーンショットです。Fluxboxはポピューラーな最小のウィンドウマネージャです。 

sudo apt-get install fluxbox menu
[edit]
GDMログインでFluxBoxをスタートするには 
echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc
[edit]
ログイン時にちょっとしたサウンドを鳴らすには 
sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup
  • この行を探します: 
exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox
  • この行を先の行の上に追加します: 
play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &
  • 指定した音が鳴るのを確認します
[edit]

Blackboxをインストールするには 

sudo aptitude install blackbox menu
[edit]

ブートもしくは電源断時のUSplashスクリーンを変更するには

もし他のデスクトップ環境を追加した場合、USplashスクリーンは変更されるでしょう(例えば通常のGnome以外にKDEを追加した場合、Ubuntuに代わってKubuntuとなる)。もし、これを変更したい場合、以下のとおりに実行します: 

sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

これはインストールされたUSplashスクリーンのリストを呼び出します。あなたの必要なスクリーンと関係のある番号を入力しEnterキーを押します。そして以下のとおりタイプして実行します: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure usplash

そしてPCを再起動するとUSplashスクリーンを変更できます。

[edit]

Windowsパテーションをマウントするには

[edit]

NTFSパテーションをマウントするには

Step By Step Guide How to Mount Windows Partitions in Feistyをお読みください。

[edit]

派手な画面効果

[edit]

Berylをインストールするには(旧ATI・現AMDグラフィックカード編)

ATIグラフィックカード向けにBerylをインストールするには2つの方法があります:オープンソースによる方法とクローズソースによる方法です。オープンソースによる方法は、Berylが動作するのを確認するための最初の方法として、本項目の最初に記述されており、復帰方法も提供されていますがうまく動作しない場合もあります。またフレームレートの向上とビデオカードのさらにサポートされているクローズソースドライバを使うことが出来ます。

オープンソースによる方法:(2007/05/01にこの方法はIA64環境でも動作することを確認済です）-この方法は適切に動作することがわかりました(特に旧式のATIカードでは)。この方法をまず試して見ることをお薦めします。これは簡単であなたのシステムになんのダメージを与えることがありません。またもしうまく動作しなければ前の環境に簡単に戻すことが出来ます(新規インストールを行った場合を除いて)。

これは「商用ドライバーを使うべきではなく、(オープンソース)のradeonドライバーはきちんと動作する」ことを意味します。このドライバはAIGLXでも動作します。もしダイレクトレンダリングが動作しない場合、ソフトウェアレンダー(遅いですが)で動作します。

第1ステップ:"/etc/apt/sources.list"をエディタで開き、以下の記述を最後尾に追加します。 

deb http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org feisty main

第2ステップ:GPGキーを追加します。ターミナルを開き、以下のとおり入力して実行します。 

wget http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

第3ステップ:aptリポジトリを更新します。ターミナルを開き、以下のとおり入力して実行します。 

sudo apt-get update

第4ステップ:現在動作中の"/etc/X11/xorg.conf"をバックアップします。その後、"xorg.conf"をエディタで編集します。 

cp -p /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorgold.conf
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

(Note any changes so you can revert back if needed). (もし必要であれば編集内容を元にもどすことができます）

"Module"セクションで以下の行が含まれているか確認してください。もし無ければ追加してください: 

Load "dri"
Load "vbe"
Load "glx"

また、"xorg.conf"ファイルの最下行が以下の通りであることを確認ください。: 

Section "DRI"
 Mode 0666
EndSection

第5ステップ:システムを再起動してください(X-windowだけ再起動しないでください。システムの再起動をせずにいると代わった現象が起こることがありました)。

第6ステップ:berylのインストール。ターミナル上で以下のとおり入力し実行します。 

sudo apt-get install beryl

第7ステップ:beryl-managerの実行。ターミナル上で以下のとおり入力し実行します。 

beryl-manager --no-force-window-manager

(これでberylは起動しますが、まだアクティブにはなりません。）

第8ステップ:ツールバーの時計のそばの赤いダイアモンドのアイコンを右クリックしてください。 

ウィンドウマネージャの選択 -> Metacity(GNOMEウィンドウマネージャ)を選択します。
次にberylのより高度なオプション -> パスの描画 -> コピーを選択します。
さらにberylのより高度なオプション -> 描画プラットフォーム -> AIGLXを強制にします。

第9ステップ:再度赤いダイアモンドのアイコンを右クリックしてください。 

今回はウィンドウマネージャの選択 -> berylを選択します。

もし全てが動作しデスクトップの立方体が回転するなどが確認できたら、berylのより高度なオプション -> パスの描画 -> 自動に戻すことができます。全ての動作がfreaksなら再起動してターミナル上で井鹿の子マンを入力することで再度berylを起動することができます。 

beryl-manager --no-force-window-manager

第10ステップ:全ての動作が完全であることを確認し、berylを自動的にブート時に起動するようにします。 

ツールバーのシステム -> 設定 -> セッションをクリックし"セッション"ウィンドウを表示してください。
"自動起動するオプション"タグを開き、"新規(N)"ボタンを押して"新しく自動起動するプログラム"ウィンドウを表示します。
"名前(N)"フィールドに(beryl-managerと分かる)適当な名称を入力します。
"コマンド(C)"フィールドに"beryl-manager"(引用句は省略)と入力します。
"OK(O)"ボタンを押します。

これでシステムを再起動するとberylは起動時に立ち上がるでしょう。

もし何かがおかしくなったときの − 助けて!何かが壊れてしまった!! セクション:

上記に書かれたとおりに実行してberylが動作しなかったりGUIが壊れてしまった場合は以下のステップで変更点を元にもどすことが可能です。

復旧第1ステップ: GUI外部のコンソール上で以下のとおり入力して実行します。 

rm ~/.config/autostart/beryl-manager.desktop

これでberylをスタートアップ起動から除去します。 

copy -p /etc/X11/xorgold.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf

これでxorg.confをバックアップされた状態に戻します。

再起動します − GUI環境で動作しているでしょう(ここに記載されていない事項を自分で編集していない限りは)

復帰第2ステップ: ターミナル上で"sudo nautilus"をタイプし、実行します。そして隠し属性のファイルを見えるようにします。 ユーザのホームディレクトリを開き、".beryl"ファイルと".emerald"ディレクトリ、".beryl-managerrc"ファイルを削除します。 この操作はGUI上ではなくコマンドラインでも実行可能です。その場合はコマンドラインで以下のコマンドを入力し実行します。 

rm -r ~/.beryl
rm -r ~/.emerald
rm ~/.beryl-managerrc

復帰第3ステップ: beryl・beryl-manager・emerald-themesのパッケージを削除し、依存性を解決します 

sudo apt-get remove beryl beryl-manager emerald-themes
sudo apt-get autoremove

復帰第4ステップ: "/etc/apt/sources.list"ファイルを編集し、beryl向けに追加した行を削除します。

これだけです。システムがberylをインストールする前と同じように戻りました。全ての復帰ステップはGUI上ではなくコンソール上で実行可能です。

うまく動くことを祈ります - この方法で少なくとも2つの異なるノートPCとデスクトップPCの環境を復帰したことを保証します。

他の方法:ATIから供給される商用のFGLRXドライバを使用する

全ての著作権は上記参照リンクのフォーラムユーザにあります。他のユーザが解決方法を探すことのないよう、このwikiに記述を追加しました。この方法はFeisty Fawn(7.04)のi386バージョンでテストされました。AMD64環境でも互換性があるのでしたら追記をお願いします。


  • 端末を開きます: 
アプリケーション -> アクセサリ -> 端末
  • システムのaptリポジトリを更新し、必要なパッケージをアップデートしておきます 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
  • Xglをインストールします(これはATIグラフィックカードに良く起こる問題の主原因です。fglrxドライバはビルトインのCompiz機能をUbuntuではサポートしておらず、新しいバージョンのberylをATIのグラフィックカードで動作させるにはXglが必要です) 
sudo apt-get install xserver-xgl
  • Xglが起動できるようにstartxgl.shスクリプトを書きます。 
sudo gedit /usr/local/bin/startxgl.sh
  • 以下の記述をスクリプトに入力し保存します。 
#!/bin/sh
Xgl :1 -fullscreen -ac -accel xv:pbuffer -accel glx:pbuffer &
DISPLAY=:1
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session gnome-session
  • If you are missing your shutdown and restart buttons, use this instead:
  • シャットダウンと再起動のボタンを見失った場合、先の記述の代わりに以下を記述します 
#!/bin/sh
Xgl :1 -fullscreen -ac -accel xv:pbuffer -accel glx:pbuffer &
DISPLAY=:1
cookie="$(xauth -i nextract - :0 | cut -d ' ' -f 9)"
xauth -i add :1 . "$cookie"
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session gnome-session
  • startxgl.shファイルを実行可能にします 
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/startxgl.sh
  • GDMログインスクリーンにXglオプションを追加するために、xgl.desktopファイルを編集します。 
sudo gedit /usr/share/xsessions/xgl.desktop
  • 以下の記述をスクリプトの追加情報として入力します。 
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=GNOME with XGL
Comment=
Exec=/usr/local/bin/startxgl.sh
Icon=
Type=Application
  • xgl.desktopファイルも実行可能オプションを付けます。 
sudo chmod a+x /usr/share/xsessions/xgl.desktop
  • (供給されるBerylソフトウェアがfglrxドライバと非互換のため)universeリポジトリを無効に設定します。 
メニューバーのシステム -> システム管理 -> ソフトウェア・ソースで"ソフトウェア・ソース"ウィンドウを開き、
"Ubuntuのソフトウェア"タグ上の"コミュニティによるメンテナンスされるソフトウェア(universe)"のチェックボックスを消します
その後"閉じる(C)"をクリックします。

ターミナルへ戻ります:

  • GPGキーを追加します: 
sudo wget http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
  • "/etc/apt/sources.list"を編集するためにエディタを開きます: 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

ファイルの先頭に以下の記述を記載します。 

deb http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/ feisty main

変更内容を保存しエディタを閉じます。

  • aptリポジトリをアップデートします: 
sudo apt-get update
  • Berylをインストールします: 
sudo apt-get install beryl

Aptが全てのプラグインやライブラリの依存性を解決します。

  • (必要ならば)ATIのドライバをインストールします 
システム -> システム管理 -> 制限つきドライバの管理 を開き
"ATIの高性能グラフィックドライバ"を有効にするのチェックボックスにチェックを付けます。

ドライバを有効にするには、システムを再起動する必要があります。

  • 再起動後にログインスクリーン上のセッション表示でXglを選択し、Berylのテストをします。ターミナル上で以下のとおり入力し実行します: 
beryl-manager
emerald --replace

Berylの赤いダイヤモンド型のアイコンがツールバーの時計の横に表示され、ウィンドウの動作を確認できます。赤いダイアモンドのアイコンを右クリックし、ウィンドウマネージャの選択 -> Berylを選択します。さらにウィンドウ・デコレータを選択 -> 標準berylデコレータ(エメラルド)を選択します。

  • もしATIのグラフィックカードをXGLで利用するなら、beryl-xglが見付からないというエラーが出るかもしれません。解決方法としてはエレガントでは無いですが、以下の方法で動作します: 
beryl-coreを[[2]]からダウンロードします。
beryl-xglをdebアーカイブから解凍します(例えば~/Desktop上に）
ターミナル上で以下のとおり入力し、実行します:sudo cp ~/Desktop/beryl-xgl /usr/bin/beryl-xgl
  • もし複数ユーザ環境でXGLに関する問題が生じたら、[ここのスレッド]をお読みください。解決方法がnikogawa氏より提示されています。
  • 全ての動作がOKのようでしたら、BerylとEmeraldテーマをあなたのスタートアップに登録します: 
ツールバーのシステム -> 設定 -> セッションをクリックし"セッション"ウィンドウを表示してください。
"自動起動するオプション"タグを開き、"新規(N)"ボタンを押してください。"新しく自動起動するプログラム"ウィンドウが開きます。
"名前(N)"フィールドに"Beryl"(引用句なしで)と入力します。
"コマンド(C)"フィールド"beryl-manager"(引用句なしで)と入力します。
"OK(O)"ボタンを押します
"自動起動するオプション"タグを開き、"新規(N)"ボタンを押してください。"新しく自動起動するプログラム"ウィンドウが開きます。
"名前(N)"フィールドに"Emerald Themes"(引用句は省略)と入力します。
"コマンド(C)"フィールド"emerald --replace"(引用句は省略)と入力します。
"OK(O)"ボタンを押します

おめでとうございます!Berylが動作しています。Ubuntuのuniverseリポジトリを再度有効にできますが、Berylに関係するいかなる事項もアップデートしてはいけません。幸いなことにuniverseリポジトリのBerylアプリケーションは将来XglなしでATIグラフィックカード上で動作するでしょう。

[edit]

Compiz (Nvidia)をインストールするには

[edit]

Beryl (Nvidiaグラフィックカード向け)をインストールするには


  • 全てのパッケージがアップデートされていることを確認ください。 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  • /etc/X11/xorg.confをバックアップし、編集します。 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

（訳者注：この後、xorg.confのどこの記述が必要なのか、原文に記述がないがATIの場合と同様であると思われます）

  • Install Nvidia Driver for Graphics Card*
  • Nvidia製の商用ドライバーをインストールします 
システム -> システム管理 -> 制限つきドライバーの管理で"制限つきドライバ"のウィンドウを開く。
"NVIDIAの高性能グラフィックドライバ"の項目のチェックを有効にして"閉じる(C)"ボタンをクリックします。

Enable Nvidia Drivers NVIDIAドライバーを有効にする

Restart X-Windows and confirm Nvidia Drivers are working correctly Restart X-WindowsNvidiaドライバーが正常に動作することを確認します。

  • Berylをインストールする 
sudo apt-get install beryl emerald-themes beryl-manager
  • Berylを起動する 
beryl-manager
  • Start Emerald (if it doesn't start on its own)
  • Emeraldを起動する(自力で起動しなかった場合) 
emerald --replace
  • Have Beryl and Emerald load on login
  • BerylとEmeraldをログイン時点で起動させるには 
システム -> 設定 -> セッションで"セッション"のウィンドウを開く。
"自動起動するプログラム"タグを開き、"新規(N)"ボタンをクリックする。
"新しく起動するプログラム"ダイアログに以下のように入力します。
 "名前(N)"フィールドに"Beryl Manager"(引用句を除く)、
 "コマンド(C)"フィールドに"beryl-manager"(引用句を除く)
"OK(O)"ボタンをクリックし、設定を保存する。
再度、"新規(N)"ボタンを押し、もうひとつの起動用コマンドを追加します。
"新しく起動するプログラム"ダイアログに以下のように入力します。
 "名前(N)"フィールドに"Emerald"(引用句を除く)、
 "コマンド(C)"フィールドに"emerald --replace"(引用句を除く)
"OK(O)"ボタンをクリックし、設定を保存する。
    • 再起動時にプログラムメニューが現在のレイヤーに表示されない場合(メニューを選択した際にそれがウィンドウの後ろに描画されて見えない)、'Beryl Manager'(赤い宝石のアイコン)を右クリックし'ウィンドウマネージャを再起動'します。次の再起動後に問題は解決するでしょう。
    • Berylを起動した際にタイトルバーが表示されていない(最小化・最大化・閉じるボタンとともに)場合、/etc/X11/xorg.confの"Device"セクションに以下の行を追加する必要があります(詳細は[このページ]をご覧ください): 
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"

また"Screen"セクションの以下の記述を変更してください。 

DefaultDepth 24

さらにNVIDIA GeForceGoグラフィックカードをお使いの場合、"Device"セクションに以下の記述を追加してください 

Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"

それでも有効にならない場合、berylの赤い宝石のアイコンをクリックし、"Berylのより高度なオプション -> 描画プラットフォーム"を"AIGLXを強制"にしてください。

これで全てが動作するでしょう。

[edit]

Berylを使用中にビデオプレーヤがクラッシュした場合の対処方法

bug 96226をご覧ください。 現在のところ、~/.mplayer/configやgstreamer-propertiesにあるビデオドライバーに関する設定ををxvからx11に変更する必要があります。

[edit]

ビデオ再生中の黒いウィンドウ表示を修正するには

これは良く知られているバグで、ビデオプレーヤのビデオ出力デバイスを変更することにより修正できます。

  • GStreamer(Ubuntuでのデフォルトのビデオプレーヤ、totem-gsteamer、gstreamerバックエンドをベースとした他の様々なビデオプレーヤ)
    • ターミナルを開き、"gstreamer-properties"と入力して起動します。
    • "ビデオ"タブをクリックします
    • "デフォルトの出力"のうち"プラグイン(P)"を"Xウィンドウシステム(Xvなし)"にセットします。
    • "テスト(T)"ボタンをクリックしビデオ再生が動作するのを確認します(TV放送テスト用のカラーストライプを見ることが出来ます)
    • "閉じる(C)"ボタンをクリックします
  • VLC(VLCは標準ではインストールされていません。パッケージマネージャで探しインストールしてください)
    • VLCを起動し、メニューから"設定(S) -> 設定(S)..."をクリックします。
    • "ビデオ"表示の左にある右向き三角をクリックし、表示を拡張します。すると"出力モジュール"と記載された拡張メニューが表示されるでしょう。
    • "出力モジュール"アイテムを選択し、ダイアログの右下にある"高度なオプション"と書かれたチェックボックスをクリックします。すると右のダイアログ詳細部分に"ビデオ出力モジュール"のチェックボックスが表示されます。
    • "X11 ビデオ出力"を選択します
    • "保存(S)"ボタンを押し設定を終了します
  • MPlayer (Mplayerは標準ではインストールされません)
    • Mplayerを起動します。
    • スクリーン上を右クリックし、"Preferences"を選択します。
    • "Video"タブを選択し、"Available Drivers:"のリストから"X11 (XImage/Shm)"を選択します。
    • "OK"ボタンを押し、設定が有効になるよう再起動します。
      • MPlayerはフルスクリーンでのビデオ再生が不可能であると何人かのユーザは報告しています。
  • Xine
    • xineを起動します。
    • "File"メニューをクリックし"Configure" -> "Preferences"と進みます。(訳者注:ビデオウィンドウの"Settings" -> "Setup..."でも同じウィンドウがひらくとおもいます。)
    • "gui"タブの"Configuration experience level"で"Master Of The Known Universe"を選択することにより、以下の設定が可視化されます
    • "video"タブを選択します。
    • "video driver to use"にて"xshm"を選択します。
    • ダイアログ下部の"Apply"ボタンを押し、"OK"ボタンを押します。
    • 設定が有効になるよう再起動します。
      • Totemでtotem-xineバックエンドを設定すれば、同様のプロセスを有効にできます。
  • RealPlayer
    • RealPlayerを起動します。
    • "Tools"をクリックし"Preferences"を選択します。
    • "Hardware"タブを選択します。
    • "Use XVideo"のチェックを外します。
    • Click on Apply, then OK.
    • "Apply"ボタンを押し、"OK"ボタンを押します。
    • 設定が有効になるよう再起動します。

情報源

[edit]

Feistyでサブピクセルフォントレンダリングによりフォント解像度を向上する

This will dramatically improve the appearance of fonts with respect to the default Ubuntu install. The patched libraries are built against Freetype 2.3.x (not currently in feisty) and include David Turner's sub-pixel rendering patches. デフォルトのUbuntuインストール環境と比較して劇的に視認性を向上します。パッチを当てられたライブラリはFreetype 2.3.x(Feistyにはまだインストールされていません)でビルドされ、David Turner氏のサブピクセルレンダリングパッチを含んでいます。

  • i386環境では"/etc/apt/sources.list"に以下の記述を追加してください 
deb http://www.telemail.fi/mlind/ubuntu feisty fonts
deb-src http://www.telemail.fi/mlind/ubuntu feisty fonts
  • AMD64/EMT環境では"/etc/apt/sources.list"に以下の記述を追加してください 
deb http://ubuntu.moshen.de/falcon feisty experimental
deb-src http://ubuntu.moshen.de/falcon feisty experimental
  • libfreetype6, libcairo2 そしてlibxft2のパッケージをアップグレードします 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6 libcairo2 libxft2
  • After the install, you may want reconfigure font settings. The following settings work well: Native, Automatic, No bitmapped fonts.
  • これらをインストール後、フォントの設定を以下の囲みのようにターミナル上で実行し再度行う必要があります。
  • dpkg-reconfigureでの設定は以下の通りにするとうまく動作するでしょう。
    • 画面上のフォント設定方法："ネイティブ"
    • 画面上で有効にするサブピクセルレンダリング：自動"
    • デフォルトでビットマップフォントを有効に"しない" 
sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig
  • If you get errors about missing gpg key
  • GPGキーが見付からないとエラーが出る場合は以下のとおりキーを追加します 
gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 937215FF
gpg --export --armor 937215FF | sudo apt-key add -
  • GPG key to repository for AMD64/EMT packages
  • AMD64/EMT環境でのGPGキーは以下の方法でインストールできます。 
wget http://ubuntu.moshen.de/2F306651.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
  • At this point you can reboot your computer or restart X-Windows to see the changes take effect.
  • 変更内容の効果を確かめるにはコンピュータを再起動するかX-Windowを再起動します。

Note: ノート: If you later decide to go back to Ubuntu packages, you must downgrade all three installed packages もし後でUbuntuのパッケージに戻そうと思った場合、全てのインストールされたパッケージをダウングレードしなければなりません。

情報源: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=343670

[edit]

GLSlideshowを設定するには

  • GLSlideshow is a screensaver that shows your images in a slideshow with smooth panning and fading. To enable it:
  • GLSlideshowはイメージファイルをスムーズパンやフェーディングの効果とともにスライドショーするスクリーンセーバです。これを有効にするには以下のとおり実行します。 
System > Preferences > Screensaver
システム -> 設定 -> スクリーンセーバで"スクリーンセーバの設定"ダイアログを開く。
"スクリーンセーバのテーマ(S):"のリストから"GLSlideshow"を選択する。
  • Feisty doesn't offer a way to edit the directory for the images. To change it, create a .xscreensaver file in your home directory:
  • Feistyでは画像ファイルのためのディレクトリーを編集する方法について提示していません。これを変更するには、ホームディレクトリ上に".xscreensaver"ファイルを作り、これを編集します。 
gedit .xscreensaver
  • ".xscreensaver"ファイルに以下の行を追加します 
imageDirectory:	/path/to/images/
  • Save it and test the screensaver by locking your screen. You'll see your images, but it will repeat the same one over and over. To fix this, change your glslideshow.desktop configuration file:
  • ".xscreensaver"ファイルを保存しスクリーンセーバがPCのスクリーンをロックすることを確認してください。画像イメージを見ることが出来ますが、同じものが延々と続きます。これを修正するには、"glslideshow.desktop"ファイルを編集します。 
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/screensavers/glslideshow.desktop
  • Look for the following entry:
  • 以下の行を探します: 
Exec=glslideshow -root
  • Modify this line to instead read:
  • この行を修正します。
    • See the manpage for glslideshow for what these options do, and to see more options:
    • これらの記述のオプションがどのように動作するか確認するため、そして他のオプションに付いても"glslideshow"のmanページを見てください。 
Exec=glslideshow -root -duration 10 -pan 10 -fade 3
  • Save and try the screensaver again. You should see all of your images in a random-ordered slideshow.
  • "glslideshow.desktop"を保存し、スクリーンセーバを再度動作させます。全ての画像イメージがランダムにスライド表示されます。

sourceソース: http://rclermont.blogspot.com/2007/02/modifying-glslideshow-settings-in_28.html

[edit]

商用アプリケーション

[edit]

仮想化技術

[edit]

Virtualbox

Innotek VirtualBox is a general-purpose full virtualizer for x86 hardware. Targeted at server, desktop and embedded use, it is now the only professional-quality virtualization solution that is also Open Source Software. Innotek VirtualBoxはx86ハードウェア向けの汎用フル機能仮想化ソフトウェアです。サーバ・デスクトップ・組込用途で使える唯一のプロ向け品質の仮想化ソリューションであり、オープンソースソフトウェアでもあります。

[edit]

Vmware Server

VMware Server is a free virtualization product for Windows and Linux servers with enterprise-class support and VirtualCenter management. VMware Server is a robust yet easy to use server virtualization product and is based on proven virtualization technology VMware ServerはエンタープライズクラスのサポートとVirtualCenter 管理ソフトウェアを有する、Windowsやlinuxサーバで動作する無償の仮想化製品です。VMware Serverは単純に仮想化製品として利用するには堅牢であり、検証された仮想技術が基盤となっています。

[edit]

Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)をインストールするには

[edit]

Windows向けアプリケーションをインストールするには(VMWare Server or Workstation上で)

VMWare offers VMWare server for free, also offers VMWare Workstation as a paid application. The free server doesn't allow for a "passthrough" share between the Ubuntu host and the Windows guest (you'll need to use samba etc. for that) but otherwise is a fully functioning virtual application. It also has the advantage that when running it is desktop independant - you can restart GNOME/KDE while it runs and reconnect with the guest session. The same installation instructions apply to both VMWare Server and Workstation. VMWareは"VMWare Server"は"無償"、"VMWare Workstation"は"有償"アプリケーションであると案内しています。無償の"VMWare Server"ではUbuntuホストとWindowsゲストでファイルを共用することを許可していません(これを実現するにはsambaなどを利用する必要があります)が、その他の機能は完全に仮想化アプリケーションで動作します。これはデスクトップ環境を別々に動作中の場合に大きな優位点となりますーGNOME/KDEを再起動したりゲストセッションと一緒に再配置できます。"VMWare Server"と"VMWare Workstation"は同じインストール説明が提供されています。

VMWare Workstation 6 has just been released and works perfectly with Feisty without needing the 2 patches mentioned below, just make sure you have the build tools installed and go. "VMWare Workstation 6"はちょうどリリースされたばかりでFeisty上では以前に記述した2つのパッチを使わなくとも完全に動作します。ビルドツール(開発環境)がインストールされているのを確認後実行してください。

Choose the tar.gz version, not the RPM version (you won't have to convert it), download it to a directory and expand it.

  • RPMバージョンではなく(コンバートする必要はありません)tar.gzバージョンを選択し、ダウンロードしtar.gzを解凍します。

Make sure you have the necessary build environment for it:

    • 必要なビルド環境がインストールされていることを以下のコマンドで確認してください。

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`

Change to the unpacked vmware directory and run:

  • 解凍されたVMWareディレクトリに移動後、以下のコマンドを入力し実行します。

sudo ./vmware-install.pl

This will install all necessary parts, choose the defaults unless you have a reason to change them. When it finishes it will offer to start the configuration for you, choose "yes".

    • このコマンドで全ての必要なパーツをインストールし、必要ならば規定の設定を変更します。インストールが終了後、インストーラが設定を開始する旨を案内しますので"yes"を選択します。

Read the agreement, accept it as usual, then choose the defaults that are offered. If it errors out while compiling don't worry, you need 2 patches, easy enough to install. At some point in the near future VMWare will have patched the installation, but for now it's still broken.

    • 説明文章を読みそのとおりならば"accept"し、必要ならば規定の設定から変更します。コンパイル時にエラーが行ったら、心配せずに2つのパッチをインストールします。近日VMWareはインストールパッチを当てられた形で供給されますが、まだそれは壊れているようです。
      • パッチを以下の2つダウンロードし、

vmmon.tar vmnet.tar

and as root place them (still as tar packages) in /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source, overwriting the existing packages (save the old ones if you wish under a different name) /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source にある(相手先のファイルはtarパッケージです)それとroot権限で取り替えてください(古いパッケージは別の名前に変更してもよいです)。

Then re-run the configuration script as root:

    • 設定スクリプトをルート権限上で以下のコマンドで実行します。

sudo vmware-config.pl

This should find everything is correct, compile all necessary kernel modules etc, then offer to set up your networking, at which point please consult the VMWare installation instructions for further help. Once that is done you are good to go. これで全て正常に動作し、必要な全てのカーネルモジュールがコンパイルされ、ネットワークを設定するよう案内されます。さらなる解説が必要ならVMWareのインストール説明書を見てください。一度できればうまくいきます。

This info is based on Chris Rose's page at http://icanthack.com/?p=53 この説明はChris Rose's pageを基にしています。

[edit]

Windowsアプリケーション(CrossOver Office)をインストールするには

[edit]

Windowsゲーム(Cedega)をインストールするには

[edit]

How to install Maple 11をインストールするには

1）sudoが正常に動作するアカウントでログインします。

2) Linux版のMaple 11CDをCD-ROMドライブに挿入します。何をするか問われたらそのディスクをマウントしてください。

3) ターミナルを開き以下のとおり入力します 

cd /cdrom
sudo sh ./installMapleLinux32

4) sudoにてあなたのアカウントのパスワードを入力します。

5) インストールのための場所として規定の設定の代わりに"/usr/local/maple11"を選択できます。

6) インストール(と有効化)が完了後、ターミナル上で以下のとおり入力することでシンボリックリンクを作ることが出来ます。 

cd /usr/local/bin
sudo ln -s /usr/local/maple11/bin/xmaple
sudo ln -s /usr/local/maple11/bin/maple
sudo ln -s /usr/local/maple11/bin/mint

7) これで全部です。

[edit]

ユーザ管理

[edit]

How to switch to root user in Console modeコンソールモードでroot管理者に代わるには

For a login shell starting all afresh as root, i.e. similar to "su -", ログインシェルで全ての環境変数をrootとして開始する際は(例えば"su -"のように) 

sudo -i
Password: <specify user password>

もしくは 

sudo su -
Password: <specify user password>

To start a root shell but maintain the current directory and various other artifacts of your normal user, e.g. the USERNAME environment variable, 現在のディレクトリやあなたのユーザアカウントで作成した様々なファイルをメンテナンスするためにrootとして開始する際は(例えばユーザ名の環境変数が有効である場合) 

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

もしくは 

sudo su
Password: <specify user password>
[edit]

rootのパスワードを設定/変更/有効化するには 

sudo passwd root
[edit]

rootのユーザアカウントを無効化するには 

sudo passwd -l root
[edit]

rootユーザがGNOMEにログインすることを許可するには

"セキュリティ"タブを押し、その中の"セキュリティ"項目にあるシステム管理者のログインを許可する(A)の左横のチェックボックスを有効にしてください。

[edit]

システムユーザを追加/編集/削除するには

  • #全体に共通する注意事項をお読みください
  • 'システム -> システム管理 -> ユーザとグループ'を開きます。
  • "ユーザの設定"ウィンドウが表示されます

左のリストからユーザを選択し、右のボタンから"ユーザの追加(A)"/"プロパティ(P)"/"削除(D)"のどれかのボタンを押します。

もしくはコマンドシェルで以下のコマンドを入力して実行します。

（訳者注：以下のコマンドはjimと言うユーザを追加・削除するためのコマンドです) 

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim
  • さらに詳しい情報を読むにはmanをお読みください 
man usermod
[edit]

システムグループを追加/編集/削除するには

  • #全体に共通する注意事項をお読みください
  • 'システム -> システム管理 -> ユーザとグループ'を開きます。
  • "ユーザの設定"ウィンドウが表示されます

"グループの管理(G)"ボタンを押し、"グループの設定ウィンドウを表示させます" 左のリストからユーザを選択し、右のボタンから"グループの追加(A)"/"プロパティ(P)"/"削除(D)"のどれかのボタンを押します。


[edit]

GNOMEに自動ログインするには(安全ではありません)

  • #全体に共通する注意事項をお読みください
  • 'システム -> システム管理 -> ログイン画面'を開きます。
  • "ログイン画面の設定"ウィンドウが表示されます

"セキュリティ"タブを押し、その中の"自動ログインを有効にする(E)"項目の左横のチェックボックスを有効にしてください。 その後ドロップダウンメニューより自動ログインするユーザを選択します。

[edit]

sudoできるユーザを追加するには

geditを編集用エディタとしてvisudoを起動するには以下のようにターミナルで入力します。 

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo
  • visudoで編集するファイルの最後に以下の行を追加します("system_username"はあなたのご希望のユーザ名を指定ください) 
system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL
  • 編集したファイルを保存してください。

あるいは admin グループに属するユーザなら誰でもsudoを使えるので、以下の行をコマンドシェルで入力し実行します: 

sudo adduser a_username admin

これでそのユーザの追加グループリストにadminグループが追加されます。以後ユーザはsudoにアクセス可能になります。

[edit]

パスワードなしで"sudo"を使えるようにするには(安全ではありません)

geditを編集用エディタとしてvisudoを起動するには以下のようにターミナルで入力します。 

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo
  • 以下の行を探してください。 
...
system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL
...
  • 以下と置き換えてください。 
system_username	ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
  • 編集したファイルを保存してください。


[edit]

"sudo"セッションを確実に終了させるには

以下のコマンドをシェル上で入力し実行します。 

sudo -K
[edit]

ファイル/フォルダのパーミッション(権限)を変更するには

ファイルブラウザウィンドウ上の希望のファイル/フォルダを選択し、右クリックしてメニューを表示しプロパティ(P)を選択します

***のプロパティ(***には選択したファイル/フォルダ名が入ります)というウィンドウが表示されます

"アクセス権"タブを選択し、読み込み/書き込み/実行 の権限を設定してください (所有者/グループ/その他にそれぞれ権限のチェックをいれる)

[edit]

ファイル/フォルダの所有権を変更するには

以下のコマンドをシェル上で入力し、実行してください("system_username"には新しい所有ユーザ名を"/location_of_files_or_folders"には変更対象のファイル/フォルダ名を指定します)。 

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

そのフォルダに含まれるファイル/フォルダの所有権を再帰的に変更するには以下のコマンドをシェル上で入力し、実行してください。 

sudo chown -R system_username /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

ファイル/フォルダのグループ所属を変更するには

以下のコマンドをシェル上で入力し、実行してください("system_username"には新しい所有ユーザ名を"/location_of_files_or_folders"には変更対象のファイル/フォルダ名を指定します)。 

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

そのフォルダに含まれるファイル/フォルダのグループ所属を再帰的に変更するには以下のコマンドをシェル上で入力し、実行してください。 

sudo chgrp -R system_username /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

ハードウェア

[edit]

マウス

[edit]

FireFoxでマウスの側面ボタンを有効にするには

Firefoxでマウスの側面ボタンを有効にするにはxorg.confに2行を追加するだけです。この設定は多くの5ボタンマウスで動作するでしょう。この説明書で動作するマウスのリストは以下の通りです。

  • Logitech MX310
  • Logitech MX510
  • Logitech MX518
  • Logitech MX700
  • Logitech MX Revolution
  • Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)
  • Razer Copperhead


Backup X.org configuration file X.org設定ファイル(xorg.conf)のバックアップをとります。 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the X.org configuration file X.org設定ファイルを変更します(下記の例ではgeditで編集する場合です)。 

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right all count as buttons) マウスのためのInput Device セクションを探し、Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"以下に2行を追加してください。7つ以上のボタンを持つマウスをお持ちなら、残りのセクションをボタンの数と同じく修正し、ボタンの数を増やすことが出来ます(戻る/進む,ホイールのクリック,ホイールの左右の傾きがボタンとしてカウントされることを覚えておいてください)。

この記述を 

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier "Configured Mouse"
	Driver "mouse"
	Option "CorePointer"
	...
	Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
	...
	Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

以下のように変更します 

Section "InputDevice"
       Identifier "Configured Mouse"
       Driver "mouse"
       Option "CorePointer"
       Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
       Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
       Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
       Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
       Option "Buttons" "7"
       Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

Buttons still won't work in Nautilus unless you install the imwheel dameon. Nautilusではimwheelデーモンをインストールしない限りボタンは動作しません。

[edit]

IMWheelをインストールし設定するには

  • IMWheelをインストールする 
sudo apt-get install imwheel
  • IMWheel設定ファイルを変更する 
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc
  • 設定ファイルの最後に以下の記述を追加します 
".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right 
"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right


  • IMWheel用のスタートアップスクリプトを作成します 
sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse
  • 新規作成した/home/login/mouseファイルに以下の行を追加します 
#!/bin/sh
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP
  • 全てのユーザに先のスクリプトを実行可能な権限を与えます 
sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse
  • スタートアップでこのスクリプトが実行されるよう設定します
    1. ツールバーで'システム' > '設定' > 'セッション'を選択します
    2. '自動起動するプログラム'タブをクリックします
    3. '新規(N)'ボタンをクリックし表示されたダイアログの'コマンド(C)'フィールドに以下のように入力します: /home/login/mouse
    4. 'OK(O)'ボタンを押しダイアログを終了し、セッションウィンドウを'閉じる(C)'で閉じます。
  • コンピュータかGnomeデスクトップ環境を再起動し、マウスの'戻る/進む'ボタンがNautilus上で動作するかテストしてください。

(Dont know why but the above worked flawlessly for me with Dapper but not with Feisty, to get it to work in Feisty had to enter a space between 6 and 7 on the line exec imwheel -k -b "67" & hope this helps) (Dapparでは上記の記述で完全に動作しますがFeisty(7.10)では動作しません。Feistyで動作させるにはexec imwheel -k -b "67" &と記述する必要があります。)

[edit]

Apple Mighty Mouseを設定するには

Apple Mighty Mouse works out of the box, this how to should cover setting up of horizontal scrolling using ball and sidebuttons. Apple Mighty Mouse の動作は報告されていません。ボールと側面ボタンを利用して水平スクロールを設定する方法についてカバーされる予定です。

This is placeholder only. Please, provide working howto. ここは場所取りのために作られています。誰か動作報告を提供ください。

[edit]

タッチパッド

[edit]

キーボードタイプ中にタッチパッドを無効にするには

The utility syndaemon can be used to temporarily disable a Synaptic touchpad while typing. キーボードタイプ中に"Synaptic touchpad"を無効にするためにsyndaemonユーティリティを一時的に利用することが出来ます。

First you must edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf to allow the syndaemon utility to access the touchpad's settings. まず、/etc/X11/xorg.confを編集しsyndaemonユーティリティがタッチパッドの設定にアクセスできるようにします。 Make a backup of the file, then: xorg.confファイルのバックアップを行い、以下のとおり入力して編集します: 

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the touchpad section: タッチパッドにについてのセクションを探します: 

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier     "Synaptics Touchpad"
    Driver         "synaptics"
    Option         "SendCoreEvents" "true"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto-dev"
    Option         "HorizScrollDelta" "0"
    Option         "SHMConfig"
EndSection

Add the SHMConfig option if it does not already exist. もしSHMConfigのオプション設定がなければ追加します。

After you restart X (log out and log in again), you will be able to run syndaemon. X.orgの再起動後（ログアウトし再ログインする)、syndaemonを実行することができます。 

syndaemon -t -d

Use syndaemon -h to view additional options. syndaemon -hをターミナル上で実行し、オプションを確認してください。

To have syndaemon start up automatically when you log on, add the command as a new startup program (System -> Preferences -> Sessions -> Startup Programs). ログイン時に自動的にsyndaemonを起動するには、システム -> 設定 -> セッションの自動起動するプログラムにsyndaemonの実行コマンドを追加してください。

[edit]

Adjust touchpad sensitivityタッチパッドの感度を調節するには

Although gsynaptics allows you to adjust sensitivity, it still isn't sensitive enough for all users. This allows for greater fine tuning of touchpad sensitivity. First you must edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Make a backup of the file, then: 

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the touchpad section: 

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier     "Synaptics Touchpad"
    Driver         "synaptics"
    Option         "SendCoreEvents" "true"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto-dev"
    Option         "HorizScrollDelta" "0"
    Option         "SHMConfig"
EndSection

Add the following after SHMConfig: 

Option		"MinSpeed"		"1.0"
Option		"MaxSpeed"		"1.3"
Option		"AccelFactor"		"0.3"

Modify the values to personal taste. After you restart X (log out and log in again), you will using the new sensitivity settings.

[edit]

Enable vertical, horizontal and circular scrolling

This howto will explain the procedure to setup a Synaptics touchpad for vertical, horizontal and circular scrolling (The same procedure may work for other touchpads, but has not been confirmed)

  • First: Install gsynaptics 
sudo apt-get install gsynaptics

Second you have to edit your /etc/X11/xorg.conf to allow gsynaptics to access the the touchpad's settings

  • Second: Backup /etc/X11/xorg.conf 
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
  • Third: Allow gsynaptics access to the touch pads settings 
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the touchpad section: 

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier     "Synaptics Touchpad"
    Driver         "synaptics"
    Option         "SendCoreEvents" "true"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto-dev"
    Option         "HorizScrollDelta" "0"
    Option         "SHMConfig"
EndSection

Add the SHMConfig option if it does not already exist.

After you restart X (log out and log in again), from the Gnome menu goto System > Preferences > Touchpad

From the Touchpad window you can modify you touchpads settings

[edit]

Graphics Card

[edit]

How to setup nvidia drivers in 7.04

System > Administration > Restricted Devices Manager

Enable Driver

Apply Changes

Insert Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn CD-ROM

or

Cancel > Close

Applications > Add/Remove Applications

(Add / Remove apps will load up checking dependencies)

Click Preferences next to help in the bottom left of the add / remove applications windows.

Uncheck the "CD ROM With Ubuntu 7.04..." option from the list of installable CD-ROM volumes.

There, now every time you use the add / remove applications program to install things, it goes onto the internet to get the packages instead of the discs. The idea behind this is to get the LATEST updates.

Close the options, close the next box, then click OK to exit out of add / remove applications and save the changes we just made.

Make sure the Nvidia glx is downloaded and installed from either the internet or the install CD, or the next step wont work, as the command will have nothing to execute. thats right, you really need NVIDIA GLX. :)

With the Nvidia Driver enabled in the restricted devices manager, we can safely go into the console and mess with the newly loaded drivers' settings to get a nice looking desktop with an acceptable resolution, color depth and refresh rate. These drivers also let us adjust the positioning of multiple monitors much like the forceware drivers in windows, but totally not like windows at the same time. You'll see what I mean when you see the layout and complexity of the panel! Now we must reboot.

System > Quit > Restart

Now we got to the console...

Load up Applications > Accessories > Terminal

If you haven't already done so you may right click on Terminal under Applications > Accessories > Terminal and then add the application to the panel, to make the terminal easier to access in the future.

Load up the terminal, and type in... 

sudo nvidia-settings

Then type in your root password (whatever that is)

SHAZAAM!

See that?! See that!?!?! Tweak to your hearts content, but don't be too foolhardy or blow up your monitor by accident by cranking the rez or refresh too high.

If you want to enabled dual monitors then try playing around with twinview.

[edit]

How to setup Dual Monitors with NVidia in Feisty Fawn

From Dual Monitors with NVidia in Ubuntu - Ubuntu Geek

  • Install nvidia-glx driver 
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
  • Make a backup of xorg.conf 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
  • Edit xorg.conf 
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    • Under the "Module" section, replace "nv" with "glx"
    • Under the "Device" section, make sure that "Driver" says “nvidia”
    • Under the "Screen" section, add the following line: 
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
  • Save xorg.conf
  • Restart X with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
    • If X will not start, type the following to restore xorg.conf to working status: 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak /etc/X11/xorg.conf

and reboot.

  • Assuming everything went well, we’re quite close to having dual screens working. Edit xorg.conf again 
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Under the "Screen" section, add these lines: 
##This turns on NVidia’s TwinView
Option "TwinView"
##Here I’m setting the resolution to the individual monitors.
Option "MetaModes" "1280×1024 1280×1024"
  • Restart X with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace

You should now have dual monitors


[edit]
How to align monitors left-to-right

Method 1:

  • Edit xorg.conf
  • Under the "Screen" heading, add: 
##Orientation Options are: LeftOf, RightOf, Below, Above, or Clone
Option “TwinViewOrientation” “LeftOf”
  • Save xorg.conf
  • Restart X with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace


Method 2:

  • Run nVidia Settings 
gksudo nvidia-settings
  • In X Server Display Configuration, drag the visible displays around
  • Apply and Save to X Configuration File when you're happy with the settings


[edit]
How to change primary display from CRT to LCD

From: First display on TwinView - nV News Forums

  • Get the nVidia driver working, as per the howto above
  • Run nVidia Settings 
gksudo nvidia-settings
  • Click the Save to X Configuration File button to tidy up the config
  • Restart X with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
  • Backup xorg.conf 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
  • Open xorg.conf in an editor 
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Add the following line at the bottom of the "Screen" section: 
Option      "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP"
  • Save xorg.conf
  • Restart X with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
[edit]

How to install Beta Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)

  • Thanks to Alberto Milone 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add ONE of the following lines based on your architecture 
deb http://www.albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/latest/32bit binary/
deb http://www.albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/latest/64bit binary/

deb http://www.albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/newlegacy/32bit binary/
deb http://www.albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/newlegacy/64bit binary/
  • Save the edited file
  • Add the GPG key 
wget http://albertomilone.com/drivers/tseliot.asc
gpg --import tseliot.asc
gpg --export --armor albertomilone@alice.it | sudo apt-key add -
  • Update and install 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
sudo apt-get upgrade
  • The upgrade should update your linux-restricted-modules & linux-restricted-modules-common packages. 
sudo nvidia-xconfig
  • Add a menu option for nVidia Settings 
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop
  • Insert these lines in the new file and save 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=NVIDIA Settings
Comment=NVIDIA Settings
Exec=nvidia-settings
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
  • Restart the computer and your new drivers should be installed.
  • Test the install with these 2 programs 
glxinfo
glxgears
[edit]

How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with default X.org NVIDIA drivers

  • Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The default nVidia drivers shipped with X.org ("nv") support software screen rotation. Note that it's unaccelerated and can be slow, read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) if you decide to install the proprietary driver.
  • To rotate the screen find the "Device" section for the "nv" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file: 
Section "Device"                                                                
       Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
       Driver          "nv"
  • Add the following options to this section: 
       Option "Rotate" "CW"

Where the "Rotate" option has two possible values (depending on the orientation of the monitor):

  1. CW - rotate the display clockwise (right).
  2. CCW - rotate the display counterclockwise (right).
[edit]

How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with proprietary NVIDIA drivers

  • Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The proprietary nVidia drivers support hardware rotation with the Xrandr extension.
  • To enable rotation support find the "Device" section for the "nvidia" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file: 
Section "Device"                                                                
       Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
       Driver          "nvidia"
  • Add the following option to this section: 
       Option          "RandRRotation" "on"
  • Then the display can be rotated (direction depends on the orientation of the monitor) by:
  1. Setting the "Rotation" property to either "Left" or "Right" in the "System > Preferences > Screen Resolution" dialog.
  2. Issuing either "xrandr -o left" or "xrandr -o right" command.
[edit]

How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup

  • The easy way 
sudo nvidia-xconfig --no-logo
  • Alternative method 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Find this section 
 ...
Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
	Driver		"nvidia"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
...
  • Add the following line below it 
   Option		"NoLogo"
[edit]

How to configure dual head on NVIDIA based cards

  • Install binary driver
  • Make a backup of xorg.conf 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
  • Edit xorg.conf 
sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Add these lines to the "Device" section 
Option "TwinView" "True"
Option "TwinViewOrientation" "RightOf"   
Option "UseEdidFreqs" "True"
Option "MetaModes" "1280x1024,1280x1024; 1024x768,1024x768"
Option "UseDisplayDevice" "string" #replace 'string' with either 'DFP' (Digital flat panel connected via DVI port), 
   'CRT' (any monitor that is connected via VGA ports), or 'TV'
  • Save and close xorg.conf
  • Restart X-Windows or reboot
  • This was tested on an NVIDIA FX 5200 and known to work using "CRT" as an option for the second monitor
  • If you run into trouble where X is hosed and can get back to the command line, replace xorg.conf with the backup copy 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup /etc/X11/xorg.conf
[edit]

How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)

[edit]

How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel)

  • Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver being detected.
  • Install the resolution altering tool: 
sudo apt-get install 915resolution
  • Run the following to see the availible modes: 
915resolution -l
  • Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200 
915resolution 5c 1920 1200
  • Restart X-Windows.
  • To confirm resolution change look at the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
  • If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent: 
sudo gedit /etc/default/915resolution
  • Find this lines: 
MODE=Auto
XRESO=
YRESO=
BIT=
  • And replace with the following lines: 
mode=5c
XRESO=1920
YRESO=1200
BIT=24
  • Save and restart your computer to confirm it works.


  • Another way to get the resolution you want is to do this(doesn't always work): 
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel
  • With this you don't need the 915resolution anywhere in your Feisty as your resolution will now be handled by X, the windowing system in Linux.
[edit]

How to show nvidia GPU temperature (nvidia-settings)

At a terminal, type 

nvidia-settings
[edit]

How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors) 

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Create file called mkdev.sh, and paste in the following 

#!/bin/bash
# Here you can set several defaults.
# The number of devices to create (max: 256)
NUMBER=32
# The owner and group of the devices
OUSER=root
OGROUP=root
# The mode of the devices
MODE=600
# This script doesn't need to be run if devfs is used
if [ -r /proc/mounts ] ; then
if grep -q "/dev devfs" /proc/mounts ; then
echo "You do not need to run this script as your system uses devfs."
exit;
fi
fi
i=0;
while [ $i -lt $NUMBER ] ; do
echo /dev/i2c-$i
mknod -m $MODE /dev/i2c-$i c 89 $i || exit
chown "$OUSER:$OGROUP" /dev/i2c-$i || exit
i=$[$i + 1]
done
#end of file

Make this file executable, then run it 

sudo chmod +x mkdev.sh
sudo ./mkdev.sh

Now detect sensors, and answer "y" to all questions. 

sudo sensors-detect

To load the manual modules, type 

sudo /etc/init.d/module-init-tools

Load the modules into kernel with 

sudo sensors -s

And check the output 

sudo sensors
[edit]

How to control fan speed (lm-sensors)

Install and config lm-sensors first, see section above. Then run pwmconfig to test your fans 

pwmconfig

If you can control fan speeds, great. Now creat a file called /etc/init.d/fancontrol, and paste in the following 

#!/bin/sh
#
# Fancontrol start script.
#
set -e
# Defaults
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/fancontrol
PIDFILE=/var/run/fancontrol-pid
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
test -f $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
case "$1" in
       start)
               log_begin_msg "Starting fancontrol daemon..."
               start-stop-daemon --start -o -q -m -b -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON
               log_end_msg $?
               ;;
       stop)
               log_begin_msg "Stopping fancontrol daemon..."
               start-stop-daemon --stop -o -q -p $PIDFILE
               log_end_msg $?
               ;;
       force-reload|restart)
               sh $0 stop
               sh $0 start
               ;;
       *)
               log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/fancontrol {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
               log_success_msg "  start - starts system-wide fancontrol service"
               log_success_msg "  stop  - stops system-wide fancontrol service"
               log_success_msg "  restart, force-reload - starts a new system-wide fancontrol service"
               exit 1
               ;;
esac
exit 0

Make it excutable 

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/fancontrol

Test it 

/etc/init.d/fancontrol start

and 

/etc/init.d/fancontrol stop

If it works fine, autoload it when you reboot. Insert the following line into /etc/rc.local, before "exit 0" 

/etc/init.d/fancontrol start
[edit]

How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM)

  • Install hddtemp first to monitor hard drive temperatures 
sudo apt-get install hddtemp

GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk activity, disk temperature, memory usage, and swap usage. The installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or there is a fan failure. The hddtemp utility works with GKrellM to allow it to sense the disk temperature, as keeping your disks cool (e.g. less than around 40C) will allow them to last longer than if they run continually at higher temperatures (e.g. above 50C). 

sudo apt-get install gkrellm

To run the program 

Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

To configure the settings, 

Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all of the sensors on my computer. Later I found "GKrellM". It displays the GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc.

Add an audio alert (optional Step): Here is how to play an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record my own.) Then go to: 

Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card. Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on the GKrellM's Alerts window. 

mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
[edit]

How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds for Dell Laptops and install Gkrellm plugin (i8kutils, gkrellm-i8k)

Install i8k utilities 

apt-get install i8kutils gkrellm-i8k

To load the module automatically run the following in a terminal window 

sudo gedit /etc/modules

Add the following to the end of the file 

i8k force=1

Load the module by restarting or 

modprobe i8k
  • To monitor with Gkrellm,

Load Gkrellm, goto Gkrellms configuration page, enable the Dell i8k Plugin in the Plugins section. You should now see a new section on the Gkrellm panel with fan controls, CPU temperature, service tag etc

[edit]

CPU

[edit]

How to enable your CPU's Power Saving/Frequency Scaling features

  • Check whether or not you already have working power-save (it should install automatically!)

Open a Terminal window (in Applications > Accessories) and type, 

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Look for the reference to "cpu MHz" and compare it to the official MHz of your processor. If it is considerably lower, e.g. a 2.0 GHz processor reporting as 1.0 GHz, then the power-save frequency scaling is probably already working. You can further test this by running a cpu intensive process, e.g. glxgears, and then retesting the cpu speed -- if it has increased to the official MHz then the automatic scaling is already working. (Note: the instructions below can also allow you to manually set the cpu speed.)

  • Step 1: Enable BIOS Support

Enter your BIOS at boot and make sure both ACPI and Cool'n'Quiet (AMD) or SpeedStep (Intel) are enabled. Some BIOSes may not have option at all. If that is the case it is probably enabled by default. Other BIOSes may have the option but it is listed as another name altogether. If that is the case check your BIOS manual for more info.

  • Step 2: Remove Userspace Scaling Software

powernowd 

sudo apt-get remove powernowd

cpudyn 

sudo apt-get remove cpudyn
  • Step 3: Install CPU Module

Identify your cpu type by running the command 

cat /proc/cpuinfo

You can also Check the following links AMD CPU Chart - [[3]] Intel CPU Chart - [[4]]

AMD Sempron/Athlon/MP ( K7 )

Socket Types: A, Slot A 

sudo modprobe powernow-k7

AMD Duron/Sempron/Athlon/Opteron 64 ( K8 )

Socket Types: 754, 939, 940, S1 ( 638 ), AM2 ( 940 ), F ( 1207 ) 

sudo modprobe powernow-k8

Intel Core Duo 

sudo modprobe speedstep-centrino

Intel Pentium M 

sudo modprobe speedstep-centrino

Intel Pentium 4 

sudo modprobe p4_clockmod

Others (Unknown)

I'm not entirely sure which cpus are supported using this module. If your cpu doesn't work with one of the above methods try this one. 

sudo modprobe acpi-cpufreq
  • Step 4: Scaling Modules 
sudo modprobe cpufreq_conservative
sudo modprobe cpufreq_ondemand
sudo modprobe cpufreq_powersave
sudo modprobe cpufreq_stats
sudo modprobe cpufreq_userspace
  • Step 5: Testing/Configuration

Show Available Governors 

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors

You should see output similar to 

powersave conservative ondemand performance
  • Step 6: Load Modules at Boot

Add the following lines to the end of /etc/modules 

cpufreq_conservative
cpufreq_ondemand
cpufreq_powersave
cpufreq_stats
cpufreq_userspace
Also add the module you selected in Step 3
  • Step 7: Install cpufrequtils

This is a simple, effective tool for using the modules from the command line. 

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

Test that it's working. 

cpufreq-info
  • Step 8: Select a governor

The different governors control how the CPU speed is scaled. Your choices are:

ondemand

CPU frequency is scaled based on load.

conservative

The CPUfreq governor "conservative", much like the "ondemand" governor, sets the CPU depending on the current usage. It differs in behaviour in that it gracefully increases and decreases the CPU speed rather than jumping to max speed the moment there is any load on the CPU. This behaviour more suitable in a battery powered environment.

performance

CPU only runs at max frequency regardless of load.

powersave

CPU only runs at min frequency regardless of load.

See [[5]] for more details.

I typically use ondemand. You get a very slight performance hit and save a lot of power (and produce a lot less heat when idle).

Try it out: 

cpufreq-set -g ondemand

On systems with more than one CPU you need to repeat the last command for every other CPU you have with specifying the parameter -c (CPU). To set the governor for the second CPU write: 

cpufreq-set -c 1 -g ondemand

To see how many CPUs you have type: 

ls /sys/devices/system/cpu/
  • Step 9: Configure cpufrequtils to automatically set this governor on boot

Edit the file /etc/default/cpufrequtils. Change the line: 

ENABLE="false"

to 

ENABLE="true"

Set the GOVERNOR value to the governor name you chose in Step 8.

Sources: [[6]] [[7]]

[edit]

Modems / Network

[edit]

How to identify Modem chipset 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/
  • To identify Modem chipset 
sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt
[edit]

How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper)

  • Read #General Notes
  • In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
  • This is only meant to be installed if your card isn't supported by Ubuntu, check Ubuntu's list of natively supported wireless cards.
  • Check ndiswrapper's list of supported wireless cards if your card isn't supported natively, please visit Ndiswrapper's official supported cards list
  • If your card is supported by ndiswrapper, you can install and configure it via a gui tool (ndisgtk) very easily. Use the Add/Remove Applications tool and search for "Ndiswrapper driver installation tool". Once installed, you can configure the wireless connection by going to System -> Administration -> Windows Wireless Drivers. Some more information on this here.


To Install manually follow the steps below:

  • Find out if you have acx module loaded. Because acx module interferes with windows driver, we need to remove it if it is found. 
lsmod | grep acx
  • Remove the acx module if found. It could also be acx_pci or similar. Please Note: New kernel updates will auto load the acx module again. So repeat the following two commands every time the kernel is updated. 
sudo rmmod acx
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist
  • Add a new list at the end of the file like this: 
# drivers wireless ACX
blacklist acx
  • Install ndiswrapper and drivers (due to a bug in Edgy, you need to specify ndiswrapper-utils-1.8) 
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
  • Set ndiswrapper to load on startup 
sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules
  • Add the following module to the list 
ndiswrapper
  • Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.
e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device. 
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig
  • You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.
  • Please note that certain card drivers have re-association errors when used with ndiswrapper. This means that whenever you restart Ubuntu, your internet connection does not work, even if it is set to load on startup. To combat this, use this line in the terminal (also assuming wlan0 is your wireless device). 
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid x mode Managed
[edit]

Ndiswrapper for Broadcom 43xx wireless chipset

  • The Broadcom 43xx (bcm43xx) wireless chipset is one of the most common chipsets, so special scripts have been written for it.
  • Only follow this if you have a bcm43xx device. To check in the Terminal type: 
lspci | grep Broadcom\ Corporation

If it displays a line similar to this, 

0000:02:02.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 03)

you have a Broadcom wireless chipset. Please proceed with the instructions.

  • Put the Ubuntu CD that you installed Ubuntu with in the CD drive.
  • Download this to the desktop (the Firefox default, so if you haven't changed it, that's where it went/will go).

Note - you will have to register to get this file. Registration is free so please don't report a broken link.

  • In a terminal type 
cd ~/Desktop (or wherever you downloaded the file)
tar -xf bcm4318*.tar.gz
sudo ./ndiswrapper_setup

Your wireless chipset should now work. Try rebooting if you have problems. Please see this thread if you have problems: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=197102&highlight=install+ndiswrapper

Edit : The above guide did not work for me (Pete) on 64 bit ubuntu. My lspci output read: 

 03:02.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 03)

However I found a much easier way to install the drivers, this will probably work on 32 bit as well (someone please confirm).

Edit: I (Dun) confirm this. In my Feisty it worked but when I tested the same method in Edgy it did not work as in Feisty.

Code in terminal : 

sudo apt-get install bcm43xx-fwcutter

fwcutter asks if you would like it to extract the firmware as part of the setup. Say yes. After this type: 

sudo modprobe bcm43xx

Unplug you Wired connection, wait 30-60 seconds and then enjoy wireless using network manager by the clock.

Note: I (mobius) found the fwcutter method to work well, except at a very limited speed (100kb/s max, as opposed to the 6.75mb/s max in a G network). Ndiswrapper is a bit less reliable, but gives much greater speeds at the moment.

[edit]

How to enable WPA with Ndiswrapper driver

Make sure on your own that the Ndiswrapper driver works by itself without encryption.

  • Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, and paste in the following. Modify the ssid and psk values. 
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
 network={
   ssid="YourWiFiSSID"
   psk="YourWiFiPassword"
   key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
   proto=WPA
   pairwise=TKIP
 }


  • Run the following code to test it and make sure your router is broadcasting its SSID. 
sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd

(If your wireless interface is not named "wlan0", replace "-iwlan0" with "-i[name-of-your-wireless-interface]". E.g. "-ieth1")


  • If your WPA works, change your configuration file so Ubuntu automatically connects you to your network. Run: 
gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

In the editor, change your wlan0 (or whatever your wireless interface is) section to the following:

If you are using static IP: 

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

or this, if you are using dhcp. 

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant


  • Reload your network configuration: 
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Alternately, you can follow the instructions in /usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz to configure roaming WPA authentication.

[edit]

How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink) 

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon
[edit]

Using mobile phone/GPRS/EDGE as Internet modem

"GPRS Easy Connect" (GPRSEC) is a free program for Linux which configures and manages Internet connection via mobile phones. GPRSEC supports COM, USB, IrDA and Bluetooth connections on GPRS, EDGE and UMTS technologies.

[edit]

Palm

[edit]

How to configure PalmOS Devices 

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"
  • Save the edited file
  • Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
  • Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]

Hard Drive

Please note the disks utility mentioned below does not exist anymore. It was part of GNOME and has now been removed in the newer versions. Ie. there is no System -> Administration -> Disks. There are however 2 alternate tools that should in conjunction with each other be able to accomplish the same tasks that one may use "Disks" for.

Code in terminal 

sudo apt-get install pysdm
sudo apt-get install gparted

To run Gparted 

System -> Administration -> GNOME Partition Editor

To run pysdm open terminal and type 

sudo pysdm

Please note - Both of these applications have the ability (if used incorrectly) to destroy all your data forever.

Please take care when using them.

[edit]

How to list partition tables 

sudo fdisk -l
  • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]

How to list filesystem disk space usage 

df -Th
  • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]

How to list mounted devices 

mount
[edit]

How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting 

sudo mount -a
[edit]

How to install software RAID

Many users who are converting over to Ubuntu from the Windows world are accustomed to using the "RAID" implementations on their motherboards, only to learn that these controllers are considered 'fake RAID' in the Ubuntu world and are not generally supported. Fortunately, if you are planning/willing to do a fresh install, it is easy to implement RAID drives under Ubuntu using the existing (and very stable) software RAID drivers. Also, note that many people say that the Ubuntu software RAID is just as fast -- if not faster -- than the 'fake RAID' implementations were under Windows.

The general technique is to install using the "Alternate" Ubuntu CD which uses a text-based installer but also includes additional setup options. The steps below demonstrate setting-up a 2 drive mirror:

  1. Start the install and, when asked about disk partitioning, select "Manual"
  2. If there are any existing partitions, select and delete each of them
  3. Select Free Space and create a 'partition' of Type = "physical disk for RAID". For the partition which will eventually be the main "\" root, also set it as bootable.
  4. You will need to do this repeatedly, for each desired partition (see suggestion below) and again on the other(s) hard drive
    FYI - the simplest partition setup would start with one partition equal to the entire disk less 1 or 2GB (for eventual "\" root), plus a second partition for the final 1 or 2GB (for eventual "swap")
  5. Select the menu option, "Configure Software RAID"
  6. Create a multi-disc partition, aka "md", and assign the matching partition from each drive. For the main partition, set the Format = "Ext3" and set Type = "\ root". For the swap partition, set Format = "swap".
  7. Now you can simply continue the installation as usual!
[edit]

USB

[edit]

How to list USB devices 

lsusb
[edit]

Workaround for random device disconnections

Random disconnection is a kernel bug that is not fixed yet. Some users report randomly disconnecting USB devices, especially external hard drives. One solution is to start the system with the option "irqpoll" in grub, but this doesn't work for everybody, and is believed to make the whole system slower. The other solution is to disable USB 2.0. This will result in way slower read/write, but the connection remains stable.

To disable USB 2.0, type this in the terminal: 

sudo modprobe -r ehci_hcd

Test if the copy/write process is stable, and if you want to disable USB 2.0 upon boot, type: 

sudo sh -c 'echo blacklist ehci_hcd > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ehci'
sudo update-initramfs -u -k `uname -r`
[edit]

Optical Drives

[edit]

How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
/dev/cdrom {
    dma = on
}
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  • To mount CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
  • To unmount CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/
[edit]

How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l


[edit]

Monitors / Displays

[edit]

How to enable Large Widescreen Support

  • 24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200.
  • Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display. 
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • CAUTION: Feisty has something called Desktop Effects which can reconfigure your xorg.conf file automatically. If you manually edit the file Desktop Effects may not work properly. (Always make a copy of the xorg.conf file before editing. cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.A)
  • Add the following line to the appropriate "Monitor" section 
Modeline	"1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
  • For example the HP2335 should now look like: 
Section "Monitor"
	Identifier	"hp L2335"
	Option		"DPMS"
	Modeline	"1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection
[edit]

How to enable CRT output (external monitor/projector) for notebooks (Intel)

Note: Valid for Intel® graphics controller-based products only 

sudo apt-get install i810switch

Turn on CRT output 

i810switch crt on

Turn off CRT output 

i810switch crt off
[edit]

Sound

[edit]

How to make sound works with Intel Integrated Sound Cards

  • Edit the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base: 
gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base
  • Add the following line to the end of the file, replacing '3stack' with your flavor (see below) 
options snd-hda-intel model=3stack
[edit]

How to setup the surround speakers (5.1 and others) with ALSA

  • Edit the ~/.asoundrc file, create it if it doesn't exist: 
gedit ~/.asoundrc
  • Enter the following section: 
pcm.!default {
    type plug
    slave.pcm "surround51"
    slave.channels 6
    route_policy duplicate
}
  • This will allow to play the surround output and duplicate the stereo output to all 6 channels (not only front ones).


[edit]

How to change default soundcard

  • View available soundcards 
sudo asoundconf list
  • You should get something like this 
Names of available sound cards:
  Live
  V8237
  • Switch soundcard with 'example' being the name of the preferred soundcard 
sudo asoundconf set-default-card example
[edit]

How to setup PulseAudio Sound Server

  • What Is It?

PulseAudio, previously known as Polypaudio, is a sound server for POSIX and Win32 systems. A sound server is basically a proxy for your sound applications. It allows you to do advanced operations on your sound data as it passes between your application and your hardware. Things like transferring the audio to a different machine, changing the sample format or channel count and mixing several sounds into one are easily achieved using a sound server.

PulseAudio has been tested on Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. It should also run on all other POSIX and Windows systems, but may require new backends to handle their sound systems.

But first, some motivation. Why use a sound server these days? Doesn’t ALSA work now? Well, there’s 3 main reasons to rig up PulseAudio:

1. Here’s the main one - PulseAudio can seamlessly play audio on any networked PC, regardless of what computer you’re actually at. What does this mean? Basically, you can hit play on your laptop and have the audio come out of the speakers attached to the desktop.

2. Old programs that use OSS can be rigged to work correctly while having other sounds playing at the same time

3. This one hasn’t been realized yet, but it’s also a very cool feature: audio can be manipulated per-application. While controlling this manually can already be done, it gets really cool when this is automatic based on the class of audio - for example, the music being turned down automatically when a VOIP phone call comes in. Someone worked on this as a Google SoC project, but he didn’t get very far (his implementation was a bit farfetched imo anyways)

http://pulseaudio.org/

  • Installation

Type the following in a terminal: 

sudo apt-get install "pulseaudio-*" paman padevchooser paprefs pavucontrol

Optionally you may want to install gst-pulse, a GStreamer 0.10 plugin for the PulseAudio sound server. 

sudo apt-get install gst-pulse

If you have Flash Player 9: 

wget http://pulseaudio.vdbonline.net/libflashsupport/libflashsupport_1.0~2219-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i libflashsupport_1.0-2219-1_i386.deb

here is a mirror for the package in case the link above dies:

libflashsupport_1.0-2219-1_i386.deb

Then, edit the ALSA configuration file using the command: 

sudo mv /etc/asound.conf /etc/asound.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

Add this to the asound.conf: 

pcm.pulse {
 type pulse
}
ctl.pulse {
 type pulse
}
pcm.!default {
 type pulse
} 
ctl.!default {
 type pulse
}

Go to System->Preferences->Sounds and check “Enable Software Mixing”

pulseaudio1.jpg

Then either Applications->Sound & Video->PulseAudio Preferences or in a terminal type: 

paprefs

Set the following settings:

pulseaudio2.jpg

Make sure that Multicast/RTP is off or else you’ll have problems with skipping and latency. Reboot or in a terminal type: 

pulseaudio

then Applications->Sound & Video->PulseAudio Device Chooser and if you have more than one PC with this setup, you’ll be able to choose which computer to send the audio to.

Add everyone to the pulse-access group. To do this, go to System->Administration->Users and Groups, click on “Manage Groups”, scroll down to “pulse-access”, Properties, then check everyone in the list. Otherwise, you’ll get weird “no-sound” errors and lockups.

pulseaudio3.jpg

To control the volume go to Applications->Sound & Video->PulseAudio Volume Control

pulseaudio4.jpg

  • Final Notes

Unfortunately while you can definitely get this to work, it’s a bit of a hassle and kind of buggy - PulseAudio isn’t very bullet-proof quite yet and you might have to do some haggling. Skype in particular is annoying; it’s usually better to killall pulseaudio before trying to make a Skype call although I did get it working through OSS and padsp.

  • Credits

The Perfect Setup Revolution Linux wiki http://blog.paulbetts.org

[edit]

Misc

[edit]

How to list PCI devices 

lspci


[edit]

How to install a Wacom tablet

For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom

With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.

  • 1. Using Synaptic package manager, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute : 
     sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools
  • 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf : 
      sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
  • then edit it with the command line : 
      gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.
  • You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.


[edit]

How to fix strange mouse behavior when using a KVM switch

On using (cheap) 2-way KVM switches (Keyboard-Video-Mouse switches allow you to share these peripherals between different machines) with ps/2 connectors for keyboard and mouse it is possible that the mouse does not behave properly anymore when switching machines. E.g. it will jump around on the screen and randomly clicks while you only move the mouse.

This is caused by the fact that the kernel mouse driver psmouse first talks to the mouse in a basic (base) mode (only moving + 2 mousebuttons) and checks to see if it can set the mouse to 'advanced' mode (activate scrollwheel and extra buttons) so it from then on informs the kernel of events using the ImPS/2 (imps) or ExplorerPS/2 (exps) protocol. When switching between machines power to the mouse is lost for an instant causing the mouse to revert to basic mode. Since the kernel still expects the advanced mode signals the messed up behavior occurs. A way to solve this is the following:

  • Read #General Notes
  • Check whether your psmouse kernel driver supports the options needed 
      modinfo psmouse
  • Look for the line reading "parm: resetafter:Reset(...)". You can set this and the other parameters by editing the /etc/modprobe.d/options file. The resetafter parameter tells the mouse driver how many bad packets are accepted before the mouse is told again which protocol to use. In this case you want to change that from the default (= never) behavior. So edit the options file: 
      gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/options
  • Add the following line: 
      options psmouse resetafter=1
  • Save and exit. You can now restart the mousedriver for the changes to take effect: 
      sudo modprobe -r psmouse
      sudo modprobe psmouse

Solution originally stated by Matti Kurkela.

[edit]

CD/DVD Burning

[edit]

How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast
[edit]

How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD 

Places -> CD/DVD Creator
  • Drag files/folders into window 
File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]

How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD 

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]

How to duplicate CD/DVD

[edit]

How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /dev/cdrom
readcd dev=/dev/cdrom f=file.iso
[edit]

How to create Image (ISO) files from folders 

mkisofs -r -o file.iso /location_of_folder/
[edit]

How to generate MD5 checksum files 

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
[edit]

How to check MD5 checksum of files

e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder 
md5sum -c file.iso.md5
[edit]

How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning 

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
  • To unmount Image (ISO) file 
sudo umount /media/iso/
  • If you want to mount/unmount your ISO image directly right-clicking on it, you can do this from your home dir: 
cd .gnome2/nautilus-scripts/
gedit Mount

Copy this script into Mount file 

#!/bin/bash 
# 
for I in "$*" 
do 
foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "Enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"` 
sudo mkdir /media/"$I" 
sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 "$I" /media/"$I" && nautilus /media/"$I" --no-desktop 
done 
done 
exit0

Save and close, than do the same with unmount file: 

gedit Unmount

Copy these script into Unmount file 

#!/bin/bash 
# 
for I in "$*" 
do 
foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "Enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"` 
sudo umount "$I" && zenity --info --text "Successfully unmounted /media/$I/" && sudo rmdir "/media/$I/" 
done 
done 
exit0

Make them executable with: 

chmod +x Mount
chmod +x Unmount
  • Or a graphical tool type in terminal: 
sudo apt-get install gisomount

to run type in terminal: 

sudo gisomount
[edit]

How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)
[edit]

How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)
[edit]

How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)
[edit]

How to install K3b (CD/DVD burning software) 

sudo aptitude install k3b
[edit]
How to install MP3 support for K3b 
sudo aptitude install libk3b2-mp3


[edit]

How to Burn .img DVD Images

First, Install the udftools package: 

sudo aptitude install udftools


Here is the command-line method to burning .img images to a dvd: 

growisofs -Z /dev/dvd=full_path_to_mydvd.img
[edit]

Networking

[edit]

How to configure Google Talk

Configure for Pidgin/Gaim

[edit]

How to activate/deactivate network connections

  • Read #General Notes
  • System -> Administration -> Network
  • Network settings 
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

Note: in Feisty, the network names have changed. Instead of "Ethernet connection", you may have "Wireless connection", "Wired connection" and "Modem connection". Also, they don't have an Activate/Deactivate option. Instead, go to "Properties", and activate or deactivate from there.

[edit]

How to configure network connections

  • Read #General Notes
  • System -> Administration -> Networking
  • Network settings 
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Properties
Connection -> Enable this connection (Checked)
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete
[edit]

How to configure dialup connections 

sudo pppconfig
  • To connect dialup 
pon provider_name
  • To disconnect dialup 
poff
[edit]

How to configure broadband connections 

sudo pppoeconf
[edit]

How to change computer name

  • Read #General Notes
  • System -> Administration -> Networking
  • Network settings 
General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name
  • Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer
[edit]

How to change computer descriptions 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
  server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  server string = new_computer_descriptions
  • Save the edited file 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to change computer Domain/Workgroup 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
  workgroup = MSHOME
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup
  • Save the edited file 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service 

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
gksudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update
  • Insert the following lines into the new file, replacing "myusername" and "mypassword" with your unique username and password. 
 #!/bin/sh
 USERNAME=myusername
 PASSWORD=mypassword
 HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org
 cd /root/
 if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
  ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
 else
  ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
 fi
  • Save the edited file 
sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update
[edit]

How to share folders the easy way 

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name
[edit]

How to browse network computers

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly
Read #How to access network folders without mounting
  • Places -> Network Servers
[edit]

How to access network folders without mounting

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Shared folder's name: linux
  • Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter: 
smb://192.168.0.1/linux
[edit]

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword
  • To unmount network folder 
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777
  • To unmount network folder 
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • If you do not have smbfs installed yet, install that first: 
apt-get install smbfs
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Save the edited file 
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename smbfs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials    0    0
[edit]

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Save the edited file 
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename smbfs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777  0    0
[edit]

How to get ipw2200 and WPA to work

Under Feisty, WPA works right out of the box with network manager.

[edit]

How to get ipw3945 and wep/wpa to work

Under Feisty, the driver for Intels ipw3945 is loaded by default, no configuration is needed.

[edit]

How to get Broadcom BCM4318 wireless card to work

Under Feisty, do: 

sudo apt-get install BCM43xx-fwcutter

Allow the driver to be downloaded.

[edit]

How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)

You can use NetworkManager which comes with Feisty.

  • Configure VPN with Network Manager

In a terminal 

sudo apt-get install network-manager-pptp

You have to restart after install.

To setup a VPN Click the NetworkManager Icon in the tray VPN Connections->Configure VPN Use the defaults and be sure to check the box: Refuse EAP under the Authentication tab. To get my connection to work I also had to check Require MPPE Encryption under Compression & Encryption

Alternative programs listed below

OR
  • Install manually 
wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
cd ./pptp/
sudo sh install
cd ..
  • To configure PPTP Client 
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop
  • Replace content of this file with the following lines 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application
  • The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
  • Start the client with Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client
[edit]

How to setup a GPG key with Seahorse and Evolution

apt-get install seahorse
  • Applications > Accessories > Passwords and Encryption Keys
  • Key > Create New Key
  • Select "PGP Key", then fill out information. Ensure that you use your real email address.
  • Wait for key to finish generating.
  • You may now right-click on the key entry to export, sync or publish your key.
  • Evolution should now hopefully see the key transparently.


[edit]

How to Setup BIND DNS Server

Reference: copied from http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=236093

  • Install bind 9: 
sudo apt-get install bind9
  • Configure the main Bind files. Usually, if you install Bind from the source code, you will have to edit the file named.conf. However, Ubuntu provides you with a pre-configured Bind, so we will edit another file: 
gksudo gedit /etc/bind/named.conf.local

This is where we will insert our zones. By the way, a zone is a domain name that is referenced in the DNS server Insert this in the named.conf.local file: 

# This is the zone definition. replace example.com with your domain name
zone "example.com" {
       type master;
       file "/etc/bind/zones/example.com.db";
};
# This is the zone definition for reverse DNS. replace 0.168.192 with your 
# network  address in reverse notation - e.g my network address is 192.168.0
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
};
  • Ok, now, let's edit the options file: 
sudo -e /etc/bind/named.conf.options
  • We need to modify the forwarder. This is the DNS server to which your own DNS will forward the requests he cannot process. 
forwarders {
      # Replace the address below with the address of your provider's DNS server
      123.123.123.123;
};
  • Now, let's add the zone definition files (replace example.com with your domain name: 
sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
sudo -e /etc/bind/zones/example.com.db
  • The zone definition file is where we will put all the addresses / machine names that our DNS server will know. You can take the following example: 
// replace example.com with your domain name. do not forget the . after the domain name!
// Also, replace ns1 with the name of your DNS server
example.com.      IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
// Do not modify the following lines!
                                                        2006081401
                                                        28800
                                                        3600
                                                        604800
                                                        38400
 )
// Replace the following line as necessary:
// ns1 = DNS Server name
// mta = mail server name
// example.com = domain name
example.com.      IN      NS              ns1.example.com.
example.com.      IN      MX     10       mta.example.com.
// Replace the IP address with the right IP addresses.
www              IN      A       192.168.0.2
mta              IN      A       192.168.0.3
ns1              IN      A       192.168.0.1
  • Now, let's create the reverse DNS zone file: 
sudo -e /etc/bind/zones/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa
  • Copy and paste the following text, modify as needed: 
//replace example.com with yoour domain name, ns1 with your DNS server name.
// The number before IN PTR example.com is the machine address of the DNS server. in my case, it's 1, as my IP address is 192.168.0.1.
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
                        2006081401;
                        28800; 
                        604800;
                        604800;
                        86400 
)
                     IN    NS     ns1.example.com.
1                    IN    PTR    example.com
  • Ok, now you just need to restart bind: 
sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart
  • We can now test the new DNS server...
  • Modify the file resolv.conf with the following settings: 
sudo -e /etc/resolv.conf
  • enter the following: 
// replace example.com with your domain name, and 192.168.0.1 with the address of your new DNS server.
search example.com
nameserver 192.168.0.1
  • Now, test your DNS: 
dig example.com
[edit]

Connect to Internet useing mobile phone/GPRS/EDGE

[edit]

How to set up internet connection sharing

[edit]

How to resolve Netbios hostnames

  • Read #General Notes
  • System -> Administration -> Network
  • Network settings 
sudo gedit /etc/nsswitch.conf
  • Find this line 
hosts:          files dns
  • Replace with the following line 
hosts:          files dns wins
  • Save the edited file 
sudo apt-get install winbind
[edit]

Remote Access

[edit]

Remote Login via XDMCP

[edit]
What is XDMCP?

GNOME windows can support several different users simultaniously. Unlike vncviewer that just duplicates the current screen on a remote system, XDMCP allows several different users to login and run different GNOME sessions at the same time. So if you have a fast computer runing Ubuntu, several users can use their slow machines to login and run heavy applications only available on the fast machine.

[edit]
How to turn on the XDMCP feature

To turn on the XDMCP feature on the fast computer, click the menu 

System -> Administration -> Login Window

In the Login Window Preferences dialog window, select 

Remote Tab -> Style: Same as Local ->  Close the dialog window -> Restart the PC
[edit]
How to login from another PC running Ubuntu 
1. Reboot the slow PC and stop at the login screen
2. Click Options at the lower left corner of the login screen
3. Select "Remote Login via XDMCP"
4. On the dialog window, type in the host name or ip of the fast computer you want to login to


[edit]

Remote Desktop Sharing/Duplication via VNC

[edit]
How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session
Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure
Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended
  • System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
  • Remote Desktop Preferences 
Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop (Checked)
Allow other users to control your desktop (Checked)

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: (Checked)
Password: Specify the password
[edit]
How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop
e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 
vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0
  • To quit vncviewer 
Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer
[edit]
How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine
e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
  • If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port. The default one is 5900
This process is called port forwarding port forwarding
  • Download DotNetVNC: Here or RealVNC Here
this is a free DotNet version that require the DotNet framework available from microsoft here
The RealVNC website was created and maintained by the original developers of VNC during their time at AT&T. RealVNC comes in Free, Personal, and Enterprise editions - the latter two costing money.
  • Open the VNC client you have chosen, and insert the connection string formatted like this <LINUX BOX IP><:DESKTOP NUMBER>|<::PORT>
In example use: 192.168.1.2:0 or 192.168.1.2::5900 to connect to desktop 0, to connect to desktop 1 use 192.168.1.2:1 or 192.168.1.2::5901 and so on
[edit]
How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via OSX
e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
  • If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
This process is called port forwarding port forwarding
  • Download ChickenOfTheVNC: Here
  • Open ChickenOfTheVNC, and insert the host (IP address of remote machine), the display number (0 is default and is port 5900) and the password.
In example use: Host: 192.168.0.1, Display 0, Password: password
[edit]

Windows

[edit]

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only


e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
  • To unmount Windows partition 
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
  • To unmount Windows partition 
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]

How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows ntfs  nls=utf8,umask=0222 0    0
[edit]

How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows vfat  iocharset=utf8,umask=000  0    0
[edit]

How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow users read and write access

Warning: The software you will use is still in Beta. You should not enable it on production machines

  • Applications -> Add/Remove -> search for 'NTFS', you should find NTFS Configuration Tool, install it.
  • Applications -> System Tools -> NTFS Configuration Tool -> Enable Write Support (depending on your device internal/external)
[edit]

Security

[edit]

What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu

  • Read #General Notes
  • Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
    • To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
  • Ensure a password is set for BIOS
    • To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
  • Ensure computer is located at a secured place
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
  • Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
    • To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
    • Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
    • Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
    • Not create a password with just a single or just a typical union of main languages (english, german, french, spanish...) dictionary words
  • Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
  • Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
  • Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
  • Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
  • For day to day usage, login as a normal user
  • Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
    • To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
    • "sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
    • Read #How to disable root user account
  • Install a Firewall
  • Perform vulnerability test
[edit]

How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu

  • Run This: 
grub-md5-crypt 

Password: 
Retype password: 
$1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/
  • Backup your current configuration file 
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this section 
...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
#   password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/
# password topsecret
...
  • Add the following line below it 
password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/ (encrypted password above)
  • Find this section 
...
## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false
...
  • Make the following change: 
...
## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=true
...
  • Save the edited file then run update-grub: 
sudo update-grub

This will make it so your grub console will require a password to edit the lines, and the recovery modes won't work unless the password is typed. To access the other grub options at the menu, follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. It will be something like pressing p and typing your password.

[edit]

How to disable history listing in Console mode 

rm -f .bash_history
gedit ~/.bash_profile
  • Add the following: 
export HISTFILESIZE=4
unset HISTFILE
# Change this to a reasonable number of lines to save, I like to save only 100.
export HISTSIZE=1
# Ignores duplicate lines next to each other
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

This will disable Bash history for the user, retaining keystroke history and recall to use while limiting recall history to 100 lines. This will also not record duplicate lines next to each other.

[edit]

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode 

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/inittab
  • Find this line 
...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...
  • Replace with the following line 
#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
  • Save the edited file 
sudo telinit q
[edit]

How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode 

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to setup a LoJack system for your laptop


What: Quote from Wikipedia: "LoJack is an aftermarket vehicle tracking system that allows cars to be tracked by police after being stolen. The manufacturer claims a 90% recovery rate. The name "LoJack" is a play on the word "hijack," meaning the theft of a vehicle through force."

Why: If your laptop is ever stolen and connected to the Internet. You will be able to find out from what IP it connects to the Internet from and contact the authorities.

How:

  • Get a free dynamic IP account from one of the many providers. Here we will use DynDNS. 
sudo apt-get install ddclient
  • Edit the configuration file /etc/ddclient.conf using you fevorite text editor (emacs, gedit, kedit or even vi) 
sudo emacs /etc/ddclient.conf
  • Make it look like this: 
# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
protocol=dyndns2
use=web
server=members.dyndns.org
login=YourNameHere
password='YourPasswordHere'
YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com
NOTE:
* Make sure that you use the web IP detection method.
* Specify your own user id instead of the place holder YourNameHere.
* Specify your own password instead of the place holder YourPasswordHere, make sure to surround it with single quotes.
* The last line should specify the hostname you registered with the dynamic IP service.
  • You can now start the ddclient daemon, or wait until your next reboot. 
sudo /etc/init.d/ddclient start
  • The hostname you registered with your dynamic IP service should be updated. You can test it with the ping command: 
ping YourHostNameHere.gotmyip.com
Even if your laptop has a firewall that prevents pings the hostname should resolve to the IP of the network gateway that your laptop is connected to.
Now all that is left is for someone to steal your laptop.....

References:

[edit]

How to get advanced protection against buffer overflows with grsecurity

  • You can get advanced protection against buffer overflows by using a PaX/grsecurity enabled kernel. You can get a precompiled version for Ubuntu at kernelsec
[edit]

How to add Access Control Lists (ACLs)

  • You can obtain finer control of permissions over files and folders similar to NTFS in Windows by installing acl. Additionally, Eiciel will add an Access Control List tab to file and folder properties in Nautilus. Original instructions were found here. See the serfacl command manual for information on setting ACLs from the console. 
sudo apt-get install acl
  • After installing, modify your /etc/fstab to add the "acl" option to each device/partition you want to have ACL functionality. It should look like something similar to this: 
# /dev/hda3
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx   /      ext3   defaults,acl,errors=remount-ro   0  1
# /dev/hda4
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx   /home  ext3   defaults,acl   0   2
...
  • Remount the file system(s) ACL will be enabled on: 
sudo mount / -o remount
sudo mount /home -o remount
...
  • Install Eiciel: 
sudo apt-get install eiciel

nautilus -q
[edit]

Boot Menu

[edit]

How to gain root user access without login

  • Read #General Notes
  • Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
    • Boot-up computer
    • If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
    • Select 
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
[edit]

How to Increase ext3 and ReiserFS filesystems Performance

This is very simple procedure How to Increase ext3 and ReiserFS filesystems Performance

[edit]

How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access

  • Read #General Notes
  • Boot-up computer
  • If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
  • If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
  • Select 
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386
  • Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
  • Select 
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash
  • Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
  • Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments 
grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash
  • Press 'b' to boot
[edit]

How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access

  • Read #General Notes
  • Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
  • At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument 
boot: rescue
  • Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]

How to change root user/main user password if forgotten 

# passwd root
  • To change main user password 
# passwd system_main_username
[edit]

How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten 

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...
  • Replace with the following line 
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation

[edit]
Super Grub Disk
[edit]
Grub

If you have booted your linux distro with Super Grub Disk, or a live CD and want to restore your grub, follow the below instructions:

  • As root (or with sudo), type grub
  • When at the grub prompt, type find /boot/grub/stage2
  • This will return something like (hd0,2)
  • To setup the boot partition boot type root (hd0,2). This is the harddrive and the partition your linux is installed on...
  • And then to configure grub type setup (hd0)
  • Now you're done, so exit with quit
[edit]

How to identify the name of the boot drive (hd0, hd1, hd2, etc)

Press "c" on boot menu. If you don't see a boot menu, press ESC key first when booting to show the boot menu.

Type: 

root (hd0,0)

Most likely you will get "(hd0,0) ext2fs", which should be your current Linux drive. Now change hd0 to hd1 to see what is there. 

root (hd1,0)

If you get "(hd1,0) filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x7", then hd1 is a Windows drive.

Now change hd1 to hd2, keep going until you reach hd7.

OR

In a terminal you can type: 

cat /boot/grub/device.map

You will get something like this: 


(hd0)  /dev/hda
(hd1)  /dev/sda

This represents that grub recognizes your IDE drive and assigned it the value hd0; and also your SATA drive and assigned it the value hd1.

  • Note that grub assigns ALL hard disks, be they IDE or SATA, by hd* where * is a number.

This is useful if you are editing your /boot/grub/menu.lst from a terminal in Ubuntu and need to know what grub is seeing.

Use 

sudo fdisk -l

to find which drives are bootable

[edit]

How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition 
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
title		Microsoft Windows
root		(hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to boot into Windows installed on a seperate SATA drive

This configuration applies to people who have Linux installed on a IDE drive, and Windows installed on a seperate SATA. The IDE drive boots first, so we need to add an entry to the boot menu on the Linux disk. Here we assume the name of your Windows drive is hd1. If you are not sure, click the link above to find out. 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Append the following lines at the end of file. 
title           Windows XP on SATA drive
map (hd0) (hd1)
map (hd1) (hd0)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1
  • Save the edited file
  • Finally, do 
sudo update-grub

This will update the grub bootloader and finalize any changes you made

[edit]

How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine

OR


[edit]

How to Boot Ubuntu from the Windows Bootloader

You may choose to have the Windows bootloader set as the default, and use that to boot into your Windows install or to load GRUB so you can boot into Ubuntu from there.

While in Ubuntu setup, at the very last prompt before the actual installation/copying process begins there will be a button labeled "Advanced" that presents you with an option to change the location of GRUB. The default is the MBR of the boot drive. You should change this to point to your Ubuntu partition instead. For instance, the second partition of the first hard-drive would be hd(0,1).

If you've already installed Ubuntu, you'll have to use grub-install to install GRUB to the bootsector of the Ubuntu partition.

There are two methods of adding Ubuntu to the Windows bootloader. The easiest method is if you are using Windows Vista, by using EasyBCD and simply pointing EasyBCD to the Ubuntu partition and asking it to create an entry there. Full instructions available at NeoSmart Technologies.

If you're using Windows XP, the process is slightly more involved and requires that you use the `dd` command to copy the first 512 bytes of the Ubuntu partition:

dd if=/dev/sda2 of=~/Desktop/Ubuntu.mbr bs=512 count=1

Then copy the resulting Ubuntu.mbr file to C:\ of your Windows drive, and add an entry

C:\Ubunutu.mbr Ubuntu

in the Windows' Boot.ini file.

[edit]

Tips And Tricks


[edit]

Mplayer Frontend

If you are looking for nice Mplayer Frontend check this

[edit]

How to install Adobe PDF Reader with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox in Feisty

This is very simple guide how to How to install Adobe PDF Reader with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox in Feisty

[edit]

How to enable lame for FFMPEG (needed to encode FLV with sound)

KINO FLVs silent? You need to recompile FFMPEG with LAME enabled. FFMPEG can be installed via apt-get as a package, but is not able encode MP3, which is the audio stream in FLV video (like Google & YouTube).

  • Ensure Ubuntu Universe repository is selected #How to add extra repositories
  • Download and install lame liblame-dev and gcc packages (mp3 encoder + GNU compiler collection) 
sudo apt-get build-dep ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install liblame-dev libfaad2-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev liba52-0.7.4 \
liba52-0.7.4-dev libx264-dev libdts-dev libgsm1-dev libvorbis-dev libdc1394-13-dev \
checkinstall build-essential gcc
  • Download and extract FFMPEG source to current working directory 
cd /usr/local/src
sudo apt-get source ffmpeg
  • Compile FFMPEG from source 
cd ffmpeg-*
sudo ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-pp --enable-vorbis --enable-libogg \
--enable-a52 --enable-dts --enable-dc1394 --enable-libgsm --disable-debug \
--enable-mp3lame --enable-faad --enable-faac --enable-xvid --enable-pthreads \
--enable-x264
maybe try instead = 
sudo ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-pp --enable-libvorbis --enable-libogg \
--enable-liba52 --enable-libdts --enable-dc1394 --enable-libgsm --disable-debug \ 
--enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfaad --enable-libfaac --enable-xvid --enable-pthreads \
--enable-x264
sudo make
sudo checkinstall [accept defaults, set version to 3:0.cvs20060823-3.1ubuntu2]

If during the make it dies at 'x264.c:147: error: `struct <anonymous>` has no member name `i_rf_constant` you need to do the following. Open libavcodec/x264.c and goto line 147. Change 'i_rf_constant' to 'f_rf_constant' and retry.

If an application you are using employs FFMPEG to encode FLV, it should now work properly. You can also call FFMPEG directly from the command line. The extension/suffix of the outfile tells FFMPEG which audio or video format to encode to. 

ffmpeg [-i infile] [outfile]
[edit]

How to Install Citrix ICAClient 10


[edit]

How to enable smooth fonts 

gedit ~/.fonts.conf
  • Paste in this text after the declaration <?xml version=”1.0” ?><!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM “fonts.dtd”>: 
<fontconfig>
<match target=”font” >
<edit name=”autohint” mode=”assign” >
<bool>true</bool>
</edit>
</match>
</fontconfig>
  • You’ll have to log out and back in to see the difference.
[edit]

How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer

If these instructions did not work, read #System requests (What to do if your system is unresponsive)

[edit]

How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup 

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
  • Find this line 
...
exit 0
  • Add the following lines above it 
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
 /usr/bin/numlockx on
fi
[edit]

How to remap the Caps Lock key as another Control key 

gksudo gedit /etc/console-tools/remap
[edit]

In the Console

  • Change 
#s/keycode  58 = Caps_Lock/keycode  58 = Control/;

to 

s/keycode  58 = Caps_Lock/keycode  58 = Control/;
  • Save your work 
sudo /etc/init.d/console-screen.sh
  • Try using it
[edit]

In X Windows 

gksudo gedit ~/.Xmodmap
  • Add this: 
keycode 66 = Control_L
clear Lock
add Control = Control_L
  • Now, apply the changes. 
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap
  • To apply them on startup
    • If ~/.xinitrc does not exist, 
cp /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ~/.xinitrc
  • In all cases 
gedit ~/.xinitrc
  • Make the first line this: 
xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap
  • Restart X-Windows
  • Log In, a dialog should pop up, add .Xmodmap to the left side with the add button, and Save.
[edit]

How to Convert a .nrg (Nero) file to a .iso file

If you want to Convert a .nrg (Nero) file to a .iso file check the following link

[edit]

How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME

  • System -> Preferences -> Sessions
  • Sessions 
Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete
[edit]

How to speed-up your Ubuntu box

[edit]

How to switch to Console mode in GNOME

  • To switch to Console mode 
Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch between consoles in Console mode 
Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch back to GNOME mode 
Press 'Alt + F7'
[edit]

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME and KDE 3.5.x 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
Section "ServerFlags"
	Option		"DontZap"		"yes"
EndSection
[edit]

How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME 

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"
[edit]

How to refresh GNOME desktop 

killall nautilus
[edit]

How to refresh GNOME panel 

killall gnome-panel


[edit]

How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files

  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy (Unchecked)
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save (Checked)
[edit]

How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

  • Places -> Home Folder
  • To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Press 'Ctrl + H'
  • To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files (Checked)
[edit]

How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus

  • To install File Browser (Root) 
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop
    • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
  • To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
    • Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)
[edit]

How to install a "View in Terminal" Menu for Nautilus 

sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal
  • Nautilus -> Right-click on folder or background -> Open in Terminal
[edit]

How to change default file type "Open with" program 

Right click on file -> Properties

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program (Checked)
[edit]

How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird 

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s
[edit]

How to open files as root user via right click 

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
	gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done
  • Save the edited file 
chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root
[edit]

How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode

Not for Dapper---- firingstone

  • Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
  • Terminal 
Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)
[edit]

How to change backspace behavior in Mozilla Firefox to do page back instead of page up

  • In the adress bar in Firefox type: 
  about:config
  • Search for 'browser.backspace_action' in the list
  • Change the value from 1 to 0 by doubleclicking on the number
  • Restart Firefox
[edit]

How to handle mms protocol in Mozilla Firefox


  • Open your firefox.
  • Type as url: about:config

Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose "new", then "string". Then copy the following line into the appearing text field: 

network.protocol-handler.app.mms

Into the next text field copy this: 

/usr/bin/X11/vlc

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but "boolean", and the line to copy is: 

network.protocol-handler.external.mms

Then set 

true
[edit]

How to handle rtsp (realmedia) protocol in Mozilla Firefox


  • Open your firefox.
  • Type as url: about:config

Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose "new", then "string". Then copy the following line into the appearing text field: 

network.protocol-handler.app.rtsp

Into the next text field copy this: 

/usr/bin/X11/realplay

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but "boolean", and the line to copy is: 

network.protocol-handler.external.rtsp

Then set 

true
[edit]

How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox

  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]

How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox

  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]

How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)

  • Step By Step Synaptic Package Manager Tutorials with Screenshots
  • System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
  • To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
    1. Settings -> Repositories
    2. In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
    3. You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository
  • To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
    1. Settings -> Repositories
    2. Click on Add and then Custom
    3. Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time: 
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ edgy free
deb http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ edgy non-free
deb-src http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ edgy free
deb-src http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ edgy non-free
  • To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update) 
Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information
  • To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade) 
Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
  • To search for a package (equivalent to apt-get search package_name) 
Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name
  • To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name) 
Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Installation
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
  • To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name) 
Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
[edit]

How to install Flock Web Browser in Ubuntu

[edit]

What packages do the extra repositories provide

  • The PLF repository provides
    1. DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
    2. Skype
    3. Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
    4. Opera Web browser
    5. RealPlayer 10
    6. Win32 binary multimedia codecs
[edit]

How to install/uninstall .deb files

  • To install .deb file 
sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
  • To uninstall .deb file 
sudo dpkg -r package_name
[edit]

How to find out which version of a package I have installed 

dpkg -l packagename
[edit]

How to convert .rpm files to .deb files 

sudo alien -d package_file.rpm
[edit]

How to compile .deb files from source

  • Read #How to add extra repositories
  • There are various programs available to help automate the process of create .deb files from source. For more information, see the links at the end of this section. A basic well tested method is described here.
  • Install the necessary software to build the source (build-essential may be all that is necessary, though there may be other dependencies) and checkinstall (which creates deb files). 
sudo apt-get install checkinstall build-essential
  • In the directory where you have extracted the source, after you have run ./configure and make you can create a .deb file and install it with either of the following commands. The second -D option creates a .deb file in the directory that you can share with others or install without needing the source. 
sudo checkinstall

or 

sudo checkinstall -D
[edit]

How to rename all files in directory at once

  • To install "mvb" file name renamer 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb
  • To rename all files in directory at once 
mvb NEW_NAME
[edit]

How to manipulate all image files in directory at once 

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips
  • To manipulate all image files in directory at once 
bbips
[edit]

How to set System-wide Environment Variables 

sudo cp -p /etc/profile /etc/profile_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/profile
  • Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to save "man" outputs into files 

man command | col -b > file.txt
[edit]

How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
#hiddenmenu
...
  • Replace with the following line 
hiddenmenu
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
timeout     10
...
  • Replace it with the following line, where X_seconds is a number representing the number of seconds before the menu should timeout. 
timeout     X_seconds
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
default     0
...
  • Replace with the following line, where X_sequence is a number representing the number of the Grub menu item you want to be the default operating system. 
default     X_sequence

To figure out which number corresponds to the desired operating system, scroll to the bottom of the menu.lst file in gedit and look for lines that begin with the word title. The first "title" is 0, the second is 1, etc. Count "title" entries to find the number of the desired operating system and enter that number in place of X_sequence in the line above.

  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up

e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this section 
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#      grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#      grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#      and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...
  • Add the following line below it 
splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz
NOTE: If you have seperate boot partition use this line: splashimage (hd0,1)/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image
splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu
ImageMagick is installed 
convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm
[edit]

How to display only one kernel on GRUB menu 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup-`date +%F`
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
# howmany=all
...
  • Replace with the following line 
# howmany=1

Where 1 means to keep the last kernel, 2 to keep the last 2 kernels, etc. Do not delete the # symbol. The menu will be updated once a new kernel will be updated by the system, not before.

  • Save the edited file
  • Update /boot/grub/menu.lst 
sudo update-grub
[edit]

How to force GDM to system beep when login screen ready

  • This is useful on computers where headphones are usually plugged in, allowing them to utilize the speakers for this attention-getting task. 
echo foo >> ~/foo.wav
  • System -> Administration -> Login Window -> Accessibility

Now make sure the "Login Screen Ready" check mark is checked. Click on the folder icon and navigate to your home folder and select "foo.wav". 

rm foo.wav

The drop down menu should now say "(None)"

[edit]

How to temporary skip boot-up services 

Press 'Ctrl + C'
[edit]

Clean up Ubuntu GNU/Linux System

[edit]

How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services

[edit]

How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown 

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd
  • Find this section 
...
 stop)
  log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
  start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
  log_end_msg $?
...
  • Add the following line below it 
  rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode

  • To scroll up to view previously outputs 
Press 'Shift + Page Up'
  • To scroll down to view previously outputs 
Press 'Shift + Page Down'
[edit]

How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using 

cat /etc/issue
[edit]

How to set up (automatic) background/wallpaper-changer application for GNOME

  • To install the script into a different location than your home directory, replace "~" with your path 
cd ~
wget http://members.chello.at/horst.jens/files/wallpaperchanger.py
chmod +x wallpaperchanger.py
~/wallpaperchanger.py
gedit ~/.wallpaperchanger/wallpaperchangerconfig.py
  • Edit all the lines not beginning with an "#" according to your needs. Save the file and close gedit.
  • To create an menu entry for wallpaperchanger: 
Click the menuitems: Applications -> Accessoires -> Alacarte Menu Editor -> File -> New Entry:
Name: wallpaperchanger
command: ~/wallpaperchanger.py
  • To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer: 
Click the menuitems: System -> Preferences -> Session -> Startup Programs -> Add:
~/wallpaperchanger.py
  • To change the desktop background every X minute of the hour: 
Open a terminal and enter crontab -e <enter>
In the opened file enter 
X * * * * * python ~/wallpaperchanger.py 
1 as X would mean: every hour:01. For every minute, just use * as X.
To exit press ctrl+x, y, <enter>
[edit]

How to set up automatic background change (KDE)

  • Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
  • Choose Slide Show
  • Press Setup...
  • Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
  • Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
  • Press 'OK'
[edit]

How to add keyboard layouts for other languages

  • Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
  • Choose Layouts
  • Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
  • Choose Layout Options
  • Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
  • Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
  • Press Close.

See #How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

[edit]

How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce)

  • use *.lst files on /etc/X11/xkb/rules to select 2nd_laguage_code 
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll us,2nd_laguage_code
  • you can add it to a startup file, which will be set to be executed on startup, with the following lines (remember to 'chmod +x' the file): 
#!/bin/tcsh
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll us,il
[edit]

How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet

  • Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
  • Click Add to Panel...
  • Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

[edit]

How to type extended characters

  • Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
  • Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.

  • ' + a = á
  • ' + e = é
  • and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-ć, z-ź, n-ń, l-ĺ, u-ú, r-ŕ
  • " + a = ä
  • " + e = ë
  • and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò. Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, ũ, ĩ, õ, ñ.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively. To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,

  • RightAlt+q = ä
  • RightAlt+w = å
  • RightAlt+e = é
  • RightAlt+r = ®
  • RightAlt+t = þ
  • RightAlt+y = ü
  • RightAlt+u = ú
  • RightAlt+i = í
  • RightAlt+o = ó
  • RightAlt+p = ö
  • RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
  • RightAlt+a = á
  • RightAlt+s = ß
  • RightAlt+d = ð
  • RightAlt+l = ø
  • RightAlt+; = ¶
  • RightAlt+: = °
  • RightAlt+z = æ
  • RightAlt+c = ©
  • RightAlt+n = ñ
  • RightAlt+m = µ
  • RightAlt+, = ç
  • RightAlt+/ = ¿
  • RightAlt+1 = ¡
  • RightAlt+2 = ²
  • RightAlt+3 = ³
  • RightAlt+4 = ¤
  • RightAlt+5 = €
  • RightAlt+6 = ¼
  • RightAlt+7 = ½
  • RightAlt+8 = ¾
  • RightAlt+9 = ‘
  • RightAlt+0 = ’
  • RightAlt+- = ¥
  • RightAlt+= = ×
  • RightAlt+! = ¹
  • RightAlt+@, then o = ő (and Ő).
  • RightAlt+#, then a = ā (and Ā). Similarly for ēĒ, ūŪ, īĪ, ōŌ.
  • RightAlt+$ = £
  • RightAlt+% =
  • RightAlt+^ =
  • RightAlt+& =
  • RightAlt+*, then a = ą (and Ą). Similarly for ęĘ, įĮ.
  • RightAlt+(, then a = ă (and Ă)
  • RightAlt+(, then g = ğ (and Ğ)
  • RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
  • RightAlt+_ =
  • RightAlt++ = ÷
[edit]

How to set the Compose key to type special characters

  • Click System, Preferences, Keyboard.
  • Under Layout Options, expand on Compose key position.
  • Choose Right-Win key is compose, click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to this keyboard settings file. Specifically, the lines that start with GDK_Multi_key are those that we can use here. The Compose key is actually GDK_Multi_key.

Some examples,

  • RightWin + C + = produces €
  • RightWin + = + C produces €
  • RightWin + C + O produces ©
  • RightWin + O + C produces ©
  • RightWin + a + ' produces á
  • RightWin + a + " produces ä
  • RightWin + a + ` produces à
  • RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
  • RightWin + a + * produces å
  • RightWin + a + ^ produces â
  • RightWin + a + > produces â
  • RightWin + a + , produces ą
  • RightWin + e + - produces ē
  • RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
  • RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
  • RightWin + S + 3 produces ³
[edit]

How to install ubuntu-title font used in Ubuntu logo 

sudo apt-get install ttf-ubuntu-title

Now you can use this font in your favorite applications

[edit]

How to associate Adobe Reader with files in Nautilus

Now when you double-click on a .pdf file, it will be opened with Adobe Reader.

[edit]

How to print from Adobe Reader 

/usr/bin/lp -d FS-1010
[edit]

How to pull apart and combine pdf files 

sudo apt-get install pdftk
cd
mkdir bin
cd bin
gedit pdftk_burst
  • add the following text to pdftk_burst: 
#!/bin/bash
cd ${1%/*}
/usr/bin/pdftk "$1" burst
rm doc_data.txt
  • save and close pdftk_burst 
gedit pdftk_cat
  • add the following text to pdftk_cat: 
#!/bin/bash
cd ${1%/*}
outfile="00out.pdf"
if [ -f $outfile ] ; then
    rm -f $outfile
fi
/usr/bin/pdftk *.pdf cat output $outfile
  • save and close pdftk_cat 
chmod u+x pdftk_burst pdftk_cat
  • open Nautilus (Places -> Desktop) and browse to a .pdf file
  • right-click the .pdf file, select Properties, go to the Open With tab, click Add, click Use a Custom Command, click Browse, browse to pdftk_burst. Do the same with pdftk_cat.

Now, when you right-click on a .pdf file, you'll get two extra options:

  • Open With -> pdftk_burst which will convert a 30 page pdf file to 30 x 1 page pdf files
  • Open With -> pdftk_cat which will join together all the pdf files in the same directory, and create a file called 00out.pdf

Note: this won't work with pdfs with any type of protection - read man pdftk for more command line options.

[edit]

How to remove jedit when Synaptic package manager fails after install 

sudo dpkg --remove --force-depends --force-remove-reinstreq jedit

Now, you can use your Synaptic package manager again.

[edit]

How to compile a kernel the Ubuntu Way

http://www.howtoforge.com/kernel_compilation_ubuntu

[edit]

System requests (What to do if your system is unresponsive)

You can "talk" to the kernel directly via system requests: Press "ALT" + "sysreq-key" + "one of the keys" listed below (The sysreq-key is also known as the 'print screen' key):

(Taken from /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sysrq.txt)

  • 'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.
  • 'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual console.
  • 'b' - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting your disks.
  • 'c' - Will perform a kexec reboot in order to take a crashdump.
  • 'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).
  • 's' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.
  • 'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.
  • 'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.
  • 't' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your console.
  • 'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console.
  • 'v' - Dumps Voyager SMP processor info to your console.
  • '0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would make it to your console.)
  • 'f' - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process
  • 'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.
  • 'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.
  • 'l' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, INCLUDING init. (Your system will be non-functional after this.)
  • 'h' - Will display help ( actually any other key than those listed above will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-)

Note that you may have to enable system requests. Read "/usr/src/linux/Documentation/sysrq.txt" for details. By default it is enabled though.

[edit]

How to add locales to Ubuntu the command line way

  • Open up a terminal
  • Become root: 
    sudo su -
  • Generate a /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local from /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED: 
cat /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED | grep "en\|ru" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local

This example shows all Russian (ru) and English (en) locales being chosen. Look through /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED to find the ones for you, then put them in a list, replacing en\|ru and separating each language with a \| (backslash, bar). If you only want one language, just put it in quotes.

  • Then regenerate all of the locales: 
dpkg-reconfigure locales
  • Then set your locale: 
update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

In this step, make sure to choose the language and country that you would like your computer to think it is in. Here, I choose en_US, the United States version of English. Once again, look at your /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local or /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED for the one right for you. You may also want to research locales, using the Internet.

That was easy, now the command 
lxterm
will open up the Unicode version of xterm or your translated software will display things properly, like vim.
[edit]

How to set default Terminal App window size

The size for a gnome terminal session can be passed through the geometry parameter, specifying columns and rows like 80x40. The default geometry is 80x25.

  • First way is to add the following parameter to gnome-terminal launcher: 
--geometry 100x40
  • Other way is to change this parameter globaly for all gnome-terminal launcher's. Go to /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop and edit the EXEC line like this: 
Exec=gnome-terminal --geometry=120x30
[edit]

Using VI editor

A few very simple tricks of using basic but strong unix editor called vi can be found here.

[edit]

How to play DVDs

  • Install the codecs: 
sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4 libdvdplay0 libdvdread3 libdvdcss2
  • Use totem-xine instead of the default "totem-gstreamer": 
sudo apt-get remove --purge totem totem-gstreamer
sudo apt-get install totem-xine
[edit]

How to install Gmail Notifier alternative (CheckGmail)

  • Add the following sources to the repository list: 
deb http://asher256-repository.tuxfamily.org dapper main dupdate french
deb http://asher256-repository.tuxfamily.org ubuntu main dupdate french
  • Install the application 
sudo apt-get install checkgmail
  • Go to 'System/Preferences/Sessions/Startup Programs' and add the following path to start notifier automatically
Image:Sessions.png
Sessions windows


Image:Add startup program.png
Add startup program window


/usr/bin/checkgmail

After this the program will appear in your notification area.

[edit]

How to emulate Mac OS X Spotlight (Deskbar)

  • Right click to your panel and select 'Add to panel...'. Now choose 'Deskbar' applet and click 'Add' button.
  • Install 'Beagle' packet to enable data indexing on your computer
[edit]

How to make Ubuntu look like Mac OS X

  • Detailed instruction can be found here.
[edit]

How to remove temporary files on shutdown

  • Backup sysklogd file 
sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
  • Edit sysklogd file 
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd
  • After the following lines... 
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
log_end_msg $?
  • Add this line: 
rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*
[edit]

How to tile windows in gnome

First, download the wmtile debian package here.

If you are not running i386, the project's homepage is here.

  • Double click the package and install it.
  • Login as root and browse to /usr/share/tile/
  • Open the rc file in gedit
  • Change the second option to read "multi-desktop netwm"
  • Save the rc file

Now, create a launcher:

  • Right-click on the gnome panel (the taskbar at the top of the screen) and choose "Add to Panel"
  • Select "Custom Application Launcher" and fill in these values:
    • Type: Application
    • Name: Tile Windows Vertically
    • Command: tile -v -w
  • You can also select an icon to use with the launcher.
  • Click "OK"

Now open a couple windows and click your new launcher button to test it. This works great with two or three windows, but it can get a bit strange with more.

If you want to create another launcher that tiles windows horizontally, just follow the same directions, but use the command "tile -h -w"

[edit]

How to install a virtual PDF printer


-Install cups-pdf from the Synaptic Package Manager

Go to System -> Administration -> Printing

-Add a printer with Printer -> Add Printer or double click on "New Printer" icon

"STEP 1of3" PDF Printer (Virtual Printer) should now be in the local detected printers list so select it and click 'Forward'

"STEP 2of3" Select "Generic" as the manufacturer and "PostScript" as the printer. Now click 'Forward'

"STEP 3of3" Give the printer a sensible description and location and click 'Apply'

The "CUPS/PostScript" printer should now exist in the print dialogue of you applications and will save the output PDF file to the /HOME/PDF folder. It may be possible to change the destination by editing /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf


[edit]

How to pass module options for Ubuntu to pickup on startup

sudo <your editor of choice> /etc/modprobe.d/options

[edit]

How to correct paper size to Letter

If you use letter-size paper and are having trouble getting your printers, etc. set properly, follow the following steps: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure libpaper1

Then delete any printers that need to print in letter size and reinstall printers. System --> Administration --> Printing

[edit]

Servers

[edit]

Ubuntu Feisty LAMP Server

Or type into the command line: 

sudo aptitude install lamp-server
[edit]

AntiVirus Server

[edit]

How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server 

sudo apt-get install clamav
  • If you get errors, try running the command again
[edit]

How to scan files or folders 

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses

e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday
* * * * * means minute hour date month year 
 export EDITOR=gedit &&  sudo crontab -e

*Append the following line at the end of file

00 00 * * *  sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
  • Save the edited file
[edit]

Monitoring Server

If you want to monitor your Ubuntu servers and clients like memory usage,CPU usage,Load average,Disk usage,Mysql monitoring, Network Monitoring,Processes Monitoring this is for you

[edit]

Print Server (cupsd)

[edit]

How to install cupsd

Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard installation. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do 
 sudo apt-get install cupsys*
[edit]

How to add a printer

  • Go to System -> Administration -> Printing.
  • Choose "Add printer".
  • "Add printer wizard" should start and tell you what to do.
[edit]

How to remove a printer 

 sudo lpadmin -x printernamewhere
printername is the name of the printer you want to remove
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine

  • Make sure your local printer is well configured.
  • Enable local printer sharing - System -> Administration -> Printing -> Global Settings menu -> Share printers
  • Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
  • Client ip address: 192.168.0.23
    • Server configuration 
 sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
find the block 
<Location />
  ...
  Allow localhost
  ...
</Location>
and add the following line into it. 
 Allow 192.168.0.23
Restart cups. 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
    • Client configuration 
 sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf
And add the following line into it. 
 ServerName 192.168.0.1
Restart cups. 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
Now try "lpq" and you should see something like 
 vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
 HPLJ6P is ready
 no entries
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine


1.19.4.5

How to set up 4 port printer server

Setting up COMPUSA print server on Ubuntu

(1) go to System, Administration, Printing.

(2) Then Add a printer

(3) Network Printer and choose HP JetDirect

(4) Where it says Host you put in the IP Address of the Print server. You can find it with Smb4k

(5) Where it says Port you put 9100 for USB port 1. 9101 for USB port 2. 9102 for USB port 3. and 9103 for USB port 4.

(6) Then click on forward and install your printer

[edit]

NFS Server

[edit]

Installing NFS Server 

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap

Reconfigure Portmap to not bind to loopback interface: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure portmap 
sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart

Define which folders to share (export): 

sudoedit /etc/exports

Add share (export) definitions:

This will export path to all IP addresses between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.254 with Read/Write access: 

/path/to/shared/files 192.168.1.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,async)

This will export path to all IP addresses between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.254 with Read Only access: 

/path/to/shared/files 192.168.1.0/24(ro,async)

When finished, save changes and restart the NFS Server: 

sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

Export your new configuration: 

sudo exportfs -a
[edit]

Installing NFS Client 

sudo apt-get install portmap nfs-common
[edit]
Mounting Manually 
cd ~
mkdir temp
sudo mount 192.168.1.1:/path/to/shared/files temp

You may need to restart NFS services: 

sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-common restart
[edit]
Mounting Automatically

Create mountpoint: 

sudo mkdir /mnt/files

Edit configuration: 

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Add something similar to below: 

192.168.1.1:/path/to/shared/files /mnt/files nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr 0 0

Test new configuration: 

sudo mount /mnt/files

Reboot to test automatic mounting.

[edit]

Samba Server

[edit]

How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service 

sudo apt-get install samba smbfs
[edit]

How to add/edit/delete network users 

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Insert the following line into the new file 
system_username = "network username"
    • Save the edited file
  • To edit network user 
sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
  • To delete network user 
sudo smbpasswd -x system_username
[edit]

How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Uncomment the following lines: 
;[homes]
;comment = Home Directories
;browseable = no
;valid users = %S
;writable = yes

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Find this section 
...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
  writable = no
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
  writable = yes

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
 security = user
 username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = no
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)

  • Read #General Notes
  • Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service] 
sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user 
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody 
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following line (make sure it does not begin with a semicolon) 
  security = share
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Save the edited file 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following line (make sure it does not begin with a semicolon) 
  security = share
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Save the edited file 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba 

 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
 gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
Find the following lines 
 ...
 # printing = cups
 # printcap name = cups
 ...
and uncomment them. 
 printing = cups
 printcap name = cups
Restart cups server 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.
[edit]

Samba Web Administration Tool (SWAT)

[edit]

How to install INETD Superserver 

 sudo apt-get install netkit-inetd
[edit]

How to install SWAT for Samba daemon 

 sudo apt-get install swat
  • Open inetd daemon configuration 
 sudo gksu gedit /etc/inetd.conf
  • If string is: 
 <#off#> swat            stream  tcp     nowait.400      root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/swat
  • Change to (due to know BUG which resets peer connection): 
 swat            stream  tcp     nowait.400      root    /usr/sbin/swat  swat
  • Restart daemon 
 sudo /etc/init.d/inetd restart


[edit]

SSH Server

[edit]

How to install SSH Server for remote administration service 

sudo apt-get install ssh
[edit]

How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 
ssh username@192.168.0.1
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/ 
scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/ 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]

How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs)

e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote machine folder location: /media/music
  • Install sshfs 
sudo apt-get install sshfs
  • Load kernel driver for sshfs 
sudo modprobe fuse
  • Join the 'fuse' user group 
sudo adduser your_user_name fuse
  • Logout and login for this to take effect.
  • fix group on /dev/fuse 
 sudo chgrp fuse /dev/fuse
  • Create local mountpoint in your home directory 
mkdir ~/remote_music
  • Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music 
sshfs 192.168.0.1:/media/music ~/remote_music
[edit]

How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
  • Download PuTTY: Here


[edit]

How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
  • Download FileZilla: Here
[edit]

How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely

e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely
This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that
try common username/password pairs.
  • Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL

  • Edit the configuration file

gksudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

  • Change the parameter PermitRootLogin from yes to no. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
  • Add the parameter AllowUsers and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.

NOTE: This will allow ONLY the users specified to connect. You may use wildcards here (example: j* will allow jsmith to connect but not fsmith)

  • You can also use DenyUsers for fine-grained selection of users.
  • If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add AllowUsers nosuchuserhere to disable anyone connecting.
[edit]

Using SSH to Port Forward

e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service
Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service

If is possible to create secure SSH tunnels between multiple sites. Imagine two sites (home and office). If you have an SSH server available in the office available via the Internet, you can tunnel across to this server and communicate with any local PC in the office from home.

  • Example: Make Port 80 (Web Server) on 10.0.2.10 in the office available locally on Port 81

From home: 

ssh -L 81:10.0.2.10:80 user@office.net

Once logged in, you can now browse to http://localhost:81 which is really a secure tunnel to the web server in your office. You can setup multiple port forwardings. 

ssh -L 81:10.0.2.10:80 -L 82:10.0.2.20:80 -L 83:10.0.2.30:80 user@office.net

Now, port 81 locally forwards to port 80 on 10.0.2.10, port 82 forwards to port 80 on 10.0.2.20 and port 83 forwards to port 80 on 10.0.2.30

For example, http://localhost:81 connects you to port 80 on 10.0.2.10 (computer at remote location)

Specify port with -p?? if SSH Server on office.net does not run on default port 22.

Explanation: 

ssh -L <local port>:<remote computer>:<remote port> <user>@<remote ip>
[edit]

Protecting SSH from brute force attack

It is possible to easily protect SSH from a password brute force attack with a pam_abl module. You can install it by the two ways:

To install from a repository:

And execute the following commands: 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libpam-abl
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

First command is to fetch the repository listing. Second is to upgrade the openssh-server package to patched version (openssh-client will be also updated). Third is to set up a protection plugin. And the fourth is to restart a server with a new security plugin.

[edit]

RSYNC Daemon

[edit]

How to install the RSYNC Daemon for remote backup and restoration of files

Usually by default Ubuntu will have rsync installed but not enabled. But to make sure run this command: 

 sudo apt-get install rsync

Now we need to create the configuration file. This tells the daemon what to do: 

 sudo gedit /etc/rsyncd.conf

Copy and paste the following into the file but make sure to replace all instances of "username" with your username: 

 [usernamebackup]
     path = /home/username/backup
     comment = Backup
     uid = username
     gid = username
     read only = false
     auth users = username
     secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets

Set the permission on the file to be safe: 

 sudo chmod 644 /etc/rsyncd.conf

Create a username and password file: 

 sudo gedit /etc/rsyncd.secrets

And enter in your credentials: 

 username:password

Make the file secure, we don't want the password's stolen: 

 sudo chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets

Now the rsync daemon is not enabled by default, so go edit /etc/default/rsync: 

 sudo gedit /etc/default/rsync

And set: 

 RSYNC_ENABLE=false

To: 

 RSYNC_ENABLE=true

This allows the daemon to become active and lets you back up your data! To kickstart the change, restart the daemon: 

 sudo /etc/init.d/rsync restart
[edit]

Enable SSH Banner

After login you can have a "banner" file's contents displayed on the user's screen.

  • First of all open up the sshd's configuration file: 
sudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  • Find: 
#Banner /etc/issue.net
  • Replace: 
Banner /etc/issue.net
  • Save and close.
  • Now you need to edit the issue.net file to contain what you want displayed: 
sudo gedit /etc/issue.net
  • Add what you want: 
                       _     
 ___ _ _ ___ _____ ___| |___
_'_| .'| | . | | -_| _,_|__,|_|_|_| _|_|___| 
Welcome to my server


  • Save and close
  • Restart SSHD: 
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart
[edit]

DHCP Server

[edit]

How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment

e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card
IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5
Domains: tm.net.my
Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1 
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server
  • Find this line 
...
INTERFACES=""
  • Replace with the following line 
INTERFACES="eth0"
  • Save the edited file 
sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
  • Find this section 
...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;
  • Find this section 
...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
 option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
 option domain-name "tm.net.my";
 option routers 192.168.0.1;
 option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
 default-lease-time 600;
 max-lease-time 7200;
}
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart


[edit]

Backup Ubuntu System

If you want to backup your ubuntu system try one of the following backup tools

[edit]

Sbackup

[edit]

Dar and Kdar

[edit]

Database Server

[edit]

How to install MYSQL Database Server 

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
  • MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf 
gksudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf
  • Find the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1 and comment it out 
...
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
...
  • MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see here 
mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
mysqladmin -h local-machine-name -u root -p password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
[edit]

MySQL Database backup using AutoMySQLBackup

  • AutoMySQLBackup is a script to take daily, weekly and monthly backups of your MySQL databases using mysqldump.
  • AutoMySQLBackup Script Features
    • Backup mutiple MySQL databases with one script. (Now able to backup ALL databases on a server easily. no longer need to specify each database seperately)
    • Backup all databases to a single backup file or to a seperate directory and file for each database.
    • Automatically compress the backup files to save disk space using either gzip or bzip2 compression.
    • Can backup remote MySQL servers to a central server.
    • Runs automatically using cron or can be run manually.
    • Can e-mail the backup log to any specified e-mail address instead of “root”. (Great for hosted websites and databases).
    • Can email the compressed database backup files to the specified email address.
    • Can specify maximun size backup to email.
    • Can be set to run PRE and POST backup commands.
    • Choose which day of the week to run weekly backups.
  • AutoMySQLBackup Requirements

The AutoMySQLBackup script only requires mysqldump (A standard utility provided with the mysql client) and gzip or bzip2 for compression of the backup files. If you would like to have the log emailed to you then you will need to have permission to execute the “mail” program. If you want the compressed backup files mailed to you then Mutt must be available on the server. Finally you will need a bash shell and the standard system tools and utilities (all these requirements should be the default on most linux system.)

  • What AutoMySQLBackup does

Every day AutoMySQLBackup will run (if setup in /etc/cron.daily) and using mysqldump and gzip will dump your specified databases to the /backups/daily directory, it will rotate daily backups weekly so you should never have more than 7 backups in there..

Every Saturday AutoMySQLBackup will again backup the databases you have chosen but they will be placed into /backups/weekly, these will be rotated every 5 weeks so there should never be more than 5 backups in there..

Every 1st of the month AutoMySQLBackup will create a backup of all databases and place them into /backups/monthly. These will never be rotated so it will be up to you to do your own house keeping. I would suggest taking a copy of this offline every month or two so that if you have a hard drive failure you will be able to restore your database

  • AutoMySQLBackup Installation

The install is as simple as editing a few variables in the AutoMySQLBackup file. The full setup is documented in the AutoMySQLBackup script file below the variables section.

  • Download automysqlbackup.sh and place it into your /etc/cron.daily directory or your home directory.
  • Edit (at least) the following lines : 
...
USERNAME=dbuser 
PASSWORD=password DBNAMES=”DB1 DB2 DB3″
...
  • Note:The user must have at least select privileges to the databases and make sure to keep the quotes ” ” otherwise it won’t work
  • Make the file executable : 
sudo chmod u+rwx
  • Create the following directory 
./backups
  • That’s it...Now you can run it using the command line “./automysqlbackup.sh” or if it is in /etc/cron.daily it will run each day when cron
[edit]

How to install MYSQL Administrator 

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin
[edit]

How to install MySQL Query Browser (SQL Client) 

sudo apt-get install mysql-query-browser
[edit]

How to install Oracle Database XE

  • Add the following repository to your /etc/apt/sources.list: 
deb http://oss.oracle.com/debian unstable main non-free
  • Install the software using apt-get 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-xe
  • Add your login to the 'dba' group (where your login name is username) 
sudo usermod -G dba -a username
  • Run the initial configuration 
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure

You can configure any ports you want as long as they don't interfere with any other services listening on ports. You can choose the defaults by pressing enter instead of entering something in.

[edit]

Apache HTTP Server

[edit]

How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service 

sudo apt-get install apache2

Depending on how you setup apache, you may need to run a command to map public_html directories (inside user home directories) to ~. like, http://localhost/~chris. The optional command is: 

sudo a2enmod userdir
[edit]

How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server

[edit]
How to install PHP

PHP4 is not supported in Feisty, PHP5 is included in the repositories. 

sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • To test if php5 installed correctly 
gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
[edit]
How to install PHP5 
sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • To test if php5 installed correctly 
gksudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
  • (Optional) Insert the following line into the new file 
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

If that didn't work (for example, if your browser prompted you to save the testphp.php page), try these commands: 

sudo a2enmod php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload

Then try opening http://localhost/testphp.php again

  • (Optional) Install recommended PHP5 modules 
sudo apt-get install php5-xsl php5-gd php-pear
  • Restart Apache 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Many PHP applications use XSLT technology as well as server-side graphic manipulation (via GD). Also, PEAR provides access to PHP's module repository. 

pear help
[edit]

How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server 

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
  • Select either php4-mysql or php5-mysql depending on which version of PHP you installed 
sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysql
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
  • If you installed phpmyadmin using apt-get and cannot log in, run sudo apt-get purge phpmyadmin and then sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin.
  • To get PHP to work with MySQL, open the file (where <version> is either 4 or 5 depending on which PHP you installed) 
sudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini
  • You'll need to uncomment the ";extension=mysql.so" line so that it looks like this 
...
extension=mysql.so
...
  • Save the file then exit 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • If you cannot log in, set a password: 
 sudo mysqladmin password <NEWPASSWORD>

Alternative if the above doesn't work (which it probably won't and this probably will): 

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server
[edit]

How to install Python for Apache 2 

sudo apt-get install python
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-python
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod_python.conf

add the following lines 

AddType application/x-httpd-python .py
AddHandler mod_python .py
PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
PythonDebug On

save 

cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
sudo ln -s ../mods-available/mod_python.conf mod_python.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[edit]

How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ 

gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride All
  Order allow,deny
  Allow from all
</Directory>
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • When you get "403 - Permission denied", you might try: 
chmod o+x /location_of_folder/
  • If that doens't work, the following might help: 
chmod o+r,o+x /location_of_folder/
[edit]

How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78 
sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf
  • Find this line 
Listen 80
  • Replace with the following line 
Listen 78
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[edit]

How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
gksudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 <head>
 <title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
 <style type="text/css">
 /*<![CDATA[*/
 /* 
 DEFAULT TAG STYLES
 */
 body {
  background: #ffffff;
  margin-left: 20px;
  font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 9pt;
 }
 h1 {
  font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 15pt;
 }
 /*]]>*/
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <?php
 require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
 error_reporting(E_ERROR);
 $url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
 $rss = fetch_rss($url);
 if ($rss) {
  echo "<h1>";
  echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>";
  echo "</h1>";
  foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
   $url = $item[link];
   $title = $item[title];
   $description = $item[description];
   echo "<li>";
   echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>";
   echo "$description<br/><br/>";
   echo "</li>";
  }
 }
 else {
  echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>";
 }
 ?>
 </body>
 </html>
[edit]

Troubleshooting Feisty Fawn


[edit]

FTP Server

[edit]

How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service 

sudo apt-get install proftpd
[edit]

How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • Find this section 
...
DenyFilter           \*.*/
...
  • Add the following line below it 
DefaultRoot           ~
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to change the default port number for FTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77 
sudo cp /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • Find this line 
Port              21
  • Replace with the following line 
Port              77
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service
Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
  • Download FileZilla: Here
  • Paste the FTP url to the Windows Explorer Address Bar
    • Windows Explorer is Windows' "File Manager," Goto "My Computer"
    • The Address Bar may be hidden, right-click the toolbar area and make sure "Lock toolbars" is not selected, rearrange the toolbars so you can paste the address
    • FTP addresses take the form ftp://[username]:[password]@[hostname].[domain].[tld]:[portnumber]/[directory]/
      • the username and password are optional, if not given and the server is not configured for anonymous access then Windows will request them
      • Don't tell Windows to save the password, because there's no obvious way to edit this record
    • If a directory on the FTP server allows uploads, you can drag-and-drop or copy-paste files or folders to it just like Windows Explorer
[edit]

How to ftp into/from remote Windows machine via Ubuntu machine

  • Install FTP Server on your Remote Machine
    • System Requirement: Sun Java 1.4+.
    • Download CrossFTP Server and start by Java Web Start (javaws). You can configure the server's port, and add user accounts through its GUI interface. (Home)
  • Install FTP Client on your Local Machine
    • System Requirement: Sun Java 1.4+.
    • Download CrossFTP Client and start by Java Web Start (javaws). (Home)
    • Paste your FTP Server's address in the FTP client's quick connect bar. The FTP address normally has the form of ftp://[username]:[password]@[hostname]:[port]
[edit]

How to configure your NAT/router/gateway/firewall for FTP server

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service
Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
  • Configure your FTP server with a limited passive port range so that TCP range can be opened in the incoming firewall
    • For proftpd, this is parameter "PassivePorts" in /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • For security, it's a good idea to operate the server at a non-standard port, see #How to change the default port number for FTP Server
    • For proftpd, this is parameter "Port" in /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
  • NAT/router/gateway/firewall devices or software must be configured to allow the configured incoming TCP ports.
[edit]

Personal Apt Repository

[edit]

Setting Up Repository

Note: This type of repository is known as a Trivial Repository.

This type of repository does not fully comply with Debian standards, so should not be used commercially. However, it is ideal for home or personal use.

  • Install Package Tools 
sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev
  • Create Repos on Filesystem 
mkdir /somewhere/apt
mkdir /somewhere/apt/archives
mkdir /somewhere/apt/archives/binary
  • (Optional) Copy existing local APT cache to your Repos 
cp -v /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /somewhere/apt/archives/binary/
  • Create Package Lists for Repos 
cd /somewhere/apt/archives
dpkg-scanpackages binary /dev/null | gzip -9c > binary/Packages.gz
  • Publish Repos with Apache 
cd /var/www
sudo ln -s /somewhere/apt/archives apt
  • Add Repos to Sources (on all PCs) to /etc/apt/sources.list

Open /etc/apt/sources.list 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following to the bottom of the file: 

# My Repos
deb http://localhost/apt binary/
  • Update APT Database 
sudo apt-get update
[edit]

Updating Repository

Simply copy or download ".deb" files to /somewhere/apt/archives/binary/ and then update the Packages list: 

cd /somewhere/apt/archives
dpkg-scanpackages binary /dev/null | gzip -9c > binary/Packages.gz
[edit]

Streaming Media Server

[edit]

How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service

e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files 
sudo apt-get install gnump3d
[edit]

How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d

e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/ 
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
  • Find this line 
root = /var/music
  • Replace with the following line 
root = /home/music
  • Find this line 
user = gnump3d
  • Replace with the following line 
user = root
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart
[edit]

How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878 
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
  • Find this line 
port = 8888
  • Replace with the following line 
port = 7878
  • Save the edited file 
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart


[edit]

Groupware (Email/Calendaring)

[edit]

How to install Meldware Communication Suite

  • Read #General Notes
  • Read #How_to_install_Java_Development_Kit_.28JDK.29_v5.0
  • Meldware Communication Suite provides a multi-platform alternative to popular groupware like Exchange or Lotus Notes including Email(SMTP/POP/IMAP) and Calendaring(iCAL,WCAP). It depends on Java and, optionally, for the webmail/webcal client, Flash. 
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.5.0-sun
  • Download the jar file for a recent milestone or build here
  • Open a new terminal (capture java path updates)
  • change directory to your download directory
  • replace below filename with correct version based on your download 
sudo java -jar buni-meldware-20070225.jar
  • A series of configuration questions are asked, for destination directory specify /opt/mcs 
sudo cp /etc/init.d/skeleton /etc/init.d/meldware-cs
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/meldware-cs
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with PATH with "/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/opt/mcs/bin" excluding quotes (assuming you specified /opt/mcs as the destination directory to the installer)
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with DESC with "Meldware Communication Suite" including quotes
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with NAME with "run.sh" excluding quotes
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with DAEMON with "/opt/mcs/bin/$NAME" excluding quotes
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with DAEMON_ARGS with "-c meldware" excluding quotes
  • Replace the value in the line beginning with SCRIPTNAME with "/etc/init.d/meldware-cs" excluding quotes
  • save (ESC):wq 
sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/meldware-cs
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/meldware-cs /etc/rc3.d/S21meldware-cs
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/meldware-cs /etc/rc6.d/K21meldware-cs
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/meldware-cs /etc/rc4.d/S21meldware-cs
  • start MCS 
sudo /etc/init.d/meldware-cs restart
  • Additional documentation is available here
[edit]

Image Gallery Server

  • For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see here
[edit]

Gallery1

[edit]
How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service 
sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password
Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: http://localhost/gallery
Albums URL: http://localhost/albums
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP)
e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly
Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com 
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
  • Find this section 
...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://www.url.com/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://www.url.com/albums";
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP)
e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1 
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
  • Find this section 
...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";
[edit]
How to backup/restore Gallery1 data 
sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/
  • To restore Gallery data 
sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /
[edit]

Gallery2

[edit]
How to install Gallery2
[edit]
How to configure Gallery2
[edit]

How to install Subversion version control server (with Apache support)

  • Install Subversion and Apache 2 Module 
sudo apt-get install subversion apache2 libapache2-svn
  • Enable Subversion/DAV Apache 2 Module 
sudo a2enmod dav_svn
  • Configure Apache 2 
sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf

Edit the file to look something like this: 

<Location /svn>
  DAV svn
  SVNPath /home/svn
  AuthType Basic
  AuthName "Subversion Repository"
  AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd
  Require valid-user
</Location>
  • Create Subversion Repository 
sudo mkdir /home/svn
sudo svnadmin create /home/svn
  • Give Apache 2 Permissions to Repository 
sudo chown -R www-data /home/svn
  • Create Repository User

Replace 'username' with your username 

sudo htpasswd -cm /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd username

Enter password when prompted.

  • Restart Apache 2 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[edit]

How to install Subversion version control server (svnserve)

  • Install Subversion and Internet services daemon 
sudo apt-get install subversion xinetd
  • Create user that will own the repositories 
sudo adduser --system --no-create-home --home /var/svn --group --disabled-login svn
  • Create directory that will hold the repositories 
sudo mkdir /var/svn
sudo chown -R svn:svn /var/svn
  • Create file /etc/xinetd.d/svnserve with the following content 
service svn
{
       port = 3690
       socket_type = stream
       protocol = tcp
       wait = no
       user = svn
       server = /usr/bin/svnserve
       server_args = -i -r /var/svn
}
  • Restart xinetd 
sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
  • Create the first repository 
sudo -u svn svnadmin create /var/svn/testrepo
  • It should be possible to check out the repository and work on it 
svn co svn://localhost/testrepo
[edit]

PhpGedView Server

PhpGedView allows you to view and edit your genealogy (family tree) on your website.

[edit]

How to install PhpGedView Server 

sudo apt-get install phpgedview
[edit]

How to configure PhpGedView with MySQL 

sudo vi /etc/phpgedview/config.php

Edit /etc/phpgedview/config.php to reflect the following changes. 

$DBTYPE = "mysql";
$DBHOST = "localhost";
$DBUSER = "phpgedview_my_family";
$DBPASS = "password_for_dbuser";
$DBNAME = "phpgedview_my_family";

I made $DBUSER the same as $DBNAME because it is easier to create user and database privileges using phpMyAdmin. 

http://localhost/phpmyadmin

Log into phpMyAdmin as root with no password if you have not changed the root password for MySQL yet.

Click on "Privileges" (fourth from the bottom in the middle column).

Click "Add a new User". 

Login Information
  User name: [Use text field:] phpgedview_my_family (same as $DBUSER above)
  Host: [Local] localhost
  Password: [Use text field:] password_for_dbuser (same as $DBPASS above)
  Re-type: password_for_dbuser (same as $DBPASS above)
Database for user
  [x] Create database with same name and grant all privileges

Click "Go".

MySQL should now have your new PhpGedView user and database. Go back to phpMyAdmin's home page and "Reload privileges".

Add PhpGedView to Apache. 

sudo ln -s /etc/phpgedview/apache.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpgedview
sudo a2ensite phpgedview #equivalent to 'ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpgedview phpgedview'
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

sudo vi /etc/phpgedview/config_gedcom.php

Optionally edit /etc/phpgedview/config_gedcom.php to reflect the following changes. 

$CONTACT_EMAIL = "you@yourdomain.com";
$WEBMASTER_EMAIL = "webmaster@yourdomain.com";
$HOME_SITE_URL = "http://localhost/phpgedview";
$HOME_SITE_TEXT = "My Family PhpGedVIew";

Create the initial administrator account for your new PhpGedView server. 

http://localhost/phpgedview

Continue creating users, uploading your existing GEDCOM file, or start creating your family tree. 

http://wiki.phpgedview.net/en/index.php/Installation_Guide
[edit]

Troubleshooting

[edit]

How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT) 

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/default/rcS
  • Find this line 
...
UTC=yes
...
  • Replace with the following line 
UTC=no
  • Save the edited file
  • System -> Administration -> Time and Date

Set the correct time/date 

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart
[edit]

How to configure sound to work properly in GNOME 

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf
  • Find this section 
...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default
  • Save the edited file 
sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
gksudo gedit /etc/asound.conf
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}
pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}
pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
  • Save the edited file 
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events (Un-Checked)
  • Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer
[edit]

How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME 

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/*
[edit]

How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME

[edit]

How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up) 

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus restart
[edit]

How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE)

  • I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows
  • To enable the network device please follow the following steps
  • Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
  • Enable Administrator mode
  • Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
  • Click Configure Interface...
  • Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
  • Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
  • Click Advanced Settings to for more properties
  • Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
  • Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
  • Click apply to commit all changes
  • To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
  • Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
  • Right click on preferred connection ssid
  • Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
  • Click Ok
  • Create connection configuration 
gksudo gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
network={
ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"
scan_ssid=1
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"
#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password
}
  • Save the edited file
  • Create script to easily activate connection 
gksudo gedit /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
#! /bin/sh
# wifi: wpa_supplicant init
echo " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."
if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -w
fi
exit 0
  • Save the edited file
  • Make sure both file readable and executable 
sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh
  • make wireless connection automaticaly starts when computer starts 
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa
  • Close all opened applications, Reboot computer
[edit]

How to get 1400x1050 resolution working

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