Ubuntu dapper nl

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Image:Ubuntuguide_logo.png

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Niet-officiële Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starters Gids

Deze gids http://ubuntuguide.org/ werd opgericht door Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Momenteel wordt deze onderhouden door het Linux Center van de Universiteit van Letland en iedereen die wenst mee te werken. De Nederlandse vertaling is gestart door Peter Dedecker.

Medewerkers: Orvils, Quash, Manicka, Jiyuu0, Cargo, Byte, krampo, Simos, Stubby, eljaco, shai, Peter Dedecker, EBait, PingunZ...

Deze gids kan bediscussieerd worden op het officiële UbuntuGuide.org Forum op ubuntuforums.org. Kom gerust even langs om deel te nemen aan de discussie.

Jammergenoeg, omwille van wiki-vandalisme, kunnen enkel geregistreerde gebruikers wijzigingen aanbrengen aan deze wiki, en kunnen enkel geregistreerde gebruikers een account aanmaken. Wil je meewerken, laat dan iets weten via e-mail op Peter.Dedecker _at_ UGent _punt_ be. Vergeet niet te vermelden welke gebruikersnaam je zou willen.

Andere talen: English • Polski • Português do Brasil • Português • Türkçe • Română • German • Persian • Russian • Italiano • Indonesian • Español • Russian • Nederlands • French • Česky • Finnish • Filipino edit

Oudere versies: Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)):

Talen: Latviešu tulkojums • Русский перевод • Wersja polska • Traditional Chinese • Persian • Italian • Português • Norsk • Slovenski • German • Estonian • Afrikaans • Slovak • Swedish • Simplified Chinese edit


Contents


[edit]

Algemeen

  1. Dit is een niet-officiële Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starters Gids. Deze gids is niet verbonden aan Ubuntu of Canonical Ltd.
  2. Deze gids kan bediscussieerd worden op het officiële UbuntuGuide.org Forum op ubuntuforums.org. Kom gerust even langs en neem deel aan het debat.
  3. Deze gids is getest op een volledige installatie vanaf de Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Install CD (Dapper Drake)
  4. Indien je een blauw streepjeskader ziet, dan wil dat zeggen dat je de commando's daarin moet uitvoeren in een terminal (Toepassingen -> Systeem -> Terminal) of gebruik de inhoud van dat kader zoals bedoeld in sommige andere instructies.
  5. Om tikfouten te vermijden kan je de commando's best kopiëren en plakken in de terminal. Hiervoor klik je met de rechtermuisknop op de commando's en kies je voor "kopiëren" of "plakken". Je kan ook Ctrl+C gebruiken om te kopiëren en Shift+Insert om te plakken.
  6. "sudo" betekent "superuser do" of "voer uit als supergebruiker/systeembeheerder". "sudo" vraagt naar een wachtwoord. Het gevraagde wachtwoord is je gewone gebruikerswachtwoord.
  7. Indien je meer informatie wil over eender welk commando, kijk dan even in de manual pagina (handleiding) met behulp van het commando "man". Bijvoorbeeld "man sudo" zal je de manual pagina voor het "sudo" commando geven.
  8. Indien je het beu bent om telkens "apt-get" te tikken, lees dan #How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
  9. "apt-get" en "wget" vereisen een werkende internetverbinding om de gewenste programma's te installeren/updaten/downloaden.
  10. Om een bestand te downloaden, klik met de rechtermuisknop op de link en kies "Koppelingslocatie opslaan als..." Zorg dat de bestandsnaam en de extentie van het opgeslagen bestand correct zijn.
  11. Indien je wil meehelpen om Ubuntu te vertalen in je moedertaal of Ubuntu op een andere manier wenst te helpen, bezoek dan https://launchpad.net/
  12. Moge de geest van "menselijkheid voor anderen" altijd met jou zijn...
Indien je Kubuntu gebruikt en Gedit wil installeren: 
sudo apt-get install gedit
Of vervang 'gedit' door 'kwrite', bijvoorbeeld, in plaats van 
 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
kan je dit gebruiken: 
 sudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list
Indien je de 64-bit versie gebruikt, vervang dan "i386" door "amd64"
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De eerste stappen

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Wat is Ubuntu

  • http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
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Wat is er nieuw in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake

  • http://www.ubuntu.com/testing/dapperbeta
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Waar vind ik Ubuntu screenshots

  • http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
  • http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
Videos
  • http://osvids.com/index.html
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Waar vind ik een lijst van alle programma's/bibliotheken die meegeleverd worden met Ubuntu

  • Resultaat van dpkg -l: Hier
  • http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
  • http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu
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Waar kan ik Ubuntu downloaden

  • http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/
[edit]

Waar kan ik Ubuntu CDs helemaal GRATIS bestellen

  • http://shipit.ubuntu.com
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Waar vind ik hulp over Ubuntu

  • Zie: Systeem -> Help -> Systeem Documentatie
  • Officiële Documentatie website
  • Officiël Gebruikers Documentatie (wiki)
  • Ubuntu Document Storage Facility
  • Mailing Lists
  • Web Forums
  • IRC Kanaal
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Waar vind ik nieuwe programma's

  • http://gnomefiles.org/
  • http://www.kde-apps.org/
  • http://freshmeat.net
  • http://sourceforge.net/
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Waar vind ik stijlelementen voor mijn desktop

  • http://gnome-look.org/
  • http://www.kde-look.org/
  • http://art.gnome.org/
[edit]

Pakketbronnen

[edit]

Hoe voeg ik extra pakketbronnen toe 

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Vervang alles door de volgende regels: 
## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.   
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.  
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
  • Sla het bewerkte bestand op 
sudo apt-get update
  • Je kan ook je eigen sources.list aanmaken en andere bronnen vinden op: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
Gebruik je eigen sources.list bestand enkel indien je begrijpt waar je mee bezig bent
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Ubuntu Vernieuwingen

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Hoe kan ik Ubunut handmatig updaten 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
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Programma's installeren

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Hoe gebruik ik Easy Ubuntu

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Easy Ubuntu is een klein recht-vooruit tooltje dat nieuwe gebruikers toelaat op eenvoudige manier een brede waaier aan content voor Ubuntu zoals media codecs, lettertypes, Macromedia Flash en Sun Java te installeren. 
wget http://robotgeek.org/eu/easyubuntu-3.0.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.0.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
sudo python easyubuntu.py
  • In het Easy Ubuntu venster kan je de checkboxes van toepassing aanduiden om de software te downloaden en te installeren in Ubuntu.
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Hoe installeer ik de Klembord Daemon voor GNOME 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Voeg volgende lijn toe onderaan het bestand: 
@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon
  • Sla het bewerkte bestand op.
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Hoe installeer ik J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) met de Plug-in voor Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
  • Ga akkoord met de licentie-overeenkomst wanneer je hiernaar gevraagd wordt.
  • Om J2SE als de standaard JVM te configureren (nodig voor programma's zoals Frostwire, RSSOwl en als plugin voor Mozilla Firefox): 
sudo update-alternatives --config java

Kies vervolgens de optie overeenkomend met J2SE.

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Hoe installeer ik Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in voor Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin
  • Herstart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) met de Plug-in voor Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Download Manager (Downloader voor X) 

sudo apt-get install d4x
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik FTP Client (gFTP) 

sudo apt-get install gftp
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik File sharing tool (DC++) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz 
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svg
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Sla het bewerkte bestand op
  • Toepassingen -> Internet -> DC++
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus) 

wget -c http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry] 
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Sla het bewerkte bestand op
  • Toepassingen -> Internet -> Azureus
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik P2P eMule Client (aMule) 

sudo apt-get install amule
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire) 

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
  • Toepassingen -> Internet -> FrostWire
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Skype 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Voeg volgende regels toe onderaan het bestand: 
## Repository for Skype
deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free
  • Sla het bewerkte bestand op 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype
  • Toepassingen -> Internet -> Skype
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik WinPopup (LinPopUp) 

sudo apt-get install linpopup
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Codecs

Alle gekende codecs behalve die voor wmv worden hiermee geïnstalleerd. 

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-gl
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik DVD afspeel mogelijkheden

De gstreamer dvd plugin is beschikbaar als onderdeel van plugins-bad (of ugly?) en werkt niet betrouwbaar. Echter, Totem werkt met de Xine backend om DVD's af te spelen. Je kan dit gebruiken totdat gstreamer DVD afspeelmogelijkheden krijgt. Merk op dat je xine-ui of mplayer niet dient te installeren zoals voorgesteld in 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3 
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

gstreamer dvd plugin is nog niet beschikbaar voor Ubuntu Dapper. Volgende instructies zullen niet helemaal werken. 

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Player (xine-ui) 

sudo apt-get install xine-ui
  • Associeer xine-ui om multimedia files mee af te spelen 
gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik VLC Multimedia player 

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-*
Toepassingen -> Beeld en geluid -> VLC Media Player
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Player (Totem) met de Plug-in voor Mozilla Firefox 

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
  • Herstart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Player (XMMS) 

sudo apt-get install xmms
sudo apt-get install xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
  • Associeer XMMS om MP3/M3U/WAV bestanden mee af te spelen 
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Player (amaroK) 

sudo apt-get install amarok
  • Toepassingen -> Sound & Video -> amaroK
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10) 

sudo apt-get install realplay
Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repository, which you should be enabled if you followed this guide. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
  • It will also install all the necessary plugins automagically for it to view embedded real videos in Firefox
  • To avoid issues of flickering or screen going blank when switching windows, goto
  • RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner) 

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Music Organizer (Cowbell) 

sudo apt-get install cowbell
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG) 

sudo apt-get install easytag
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Video Editor (Kino) 

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Audio Editor (Audacity) 

sudo apt-get install audacity
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik DVD Ripper (dvd::rip) 

sudo apt-get install dvdrip
sudo apt-get install vcdimager
sudo apt-get install cdrdao
sudo apt-get install subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip 
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik CD Ripper (Goobox) 

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
  • Plaats de volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Image Viewer (digiKam) 

sudo apt-get install digikam
  • Applications -> Graphics -> digikam
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Picasa image organizer 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
# Google Picasa for Linux repository
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Opera web browser 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
# The Opera web browser repopsitory
deb http://deb.opera.com/opera etch non-free
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opera
  • Applications -> Internet -> Opera
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird) 

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Newsreader (Pan) 

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/pan_0.100_i386.deb
sudo apt-get install libgmime2.1
sudo dpkg -i pan_0.100_i386.deb
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Web Authoring System (Nvu) 

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Web Development Environment (quanta plus) 

sudo apt-get install quanta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Project Management Application (Planner) 

sudo apt-get install planner
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Accounting Application (GnuCash) 

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus) 

sudo apt-get install scribus
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Diagram Editor (Dia) 

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM) 

sudo apt-get install xchm
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker) 

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b) 

sudo apt-get install k3b k3b-mp3
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP) 

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Boot-Up Manager (BUM) 

sudo apt-get install bum
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Partition Editor (GParted) 

sudo apt-get install gparted
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Firewall (Firestarter) 

sudo apt-get install firestarter
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik network traffic analyzer (Ethereal) 

sudo apt-get install ethereal
  • Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus) 

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik RAR Archiver (rar) 

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Extra Fonts 

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v
N.B.: Ubuntu Dapper heeft standaard DejaVu fonts (afgeleid van Bitstream Vera) en heeft addequate ondersteuning voor Latijnse, Griekse, en Cyrillische talen.
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Chinese Input Method (SCIM)

De volgende adviezen zijn oud en het kan moeilijk zijn om ze weer terug te zetten. Kijkt u alstublieft in de official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake te vinden op: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake

Scim is automatisch meegeleverd met Dapper, en het instaleren van Chinese, Japanse of Koreaanse talen kan gedaan worden met System>Administration>Language Support. De wiki verteld deze methode uitgebreider. 

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/ 
sudo fc-cache -f -v
  • System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
  • Om SCIM te activeren 
Druk 'Ctrl + Space'
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Desktop Applets (gDesklets) 

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Basic Compilers (build-essential) 

sudo apt-get install build-essential
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta) 

sudo apt-get install anjuta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d) 

sudo apt-get install blender
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik het spel Tuxracer 

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras
  • Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik het spel Frozen-Bubble 

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
  • Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik het spel Scorched3D 

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik virtual planetarium (Stellarium) 

sudo apt-get install stellarium
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop
  • Plaats volgende regels in het nieuwe bestand: 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
  • Applications -> Education -> Stellarium
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Google Earth 

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin
  • Laat/usr/local/google-earth als het instalatiepad 
sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/
  • Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik KDE Edutainment applications 

sudo apt-get install kdeedu
  • Applications -> Education -> ...
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik een windows emulator (Wine) 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van dit bestand 
# Repository for wine
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine
    • Voor meer informatie zie: [1]
[edit]

Other Desktop Environments

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik KDE 

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
N.B.: Deze instalatie vergt ~400MB hardeschijfruimte
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • Om in te loggen in KDE klik op Sessions en kies KDE
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik XFCE 

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • Om in XFCE in te loggen kies Sessions en kies XFCE
[edit]

Eye Candy

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)

  • For complete info on how to set up XGL on different cards and some tweaks see: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351 



sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Zoek deze sectie 
Section "Module"
	Load	"i2c"
	Load	"bitmap"
	...
	Load	"type1"
	Load	"vbe"
EndSection
  • Zet commentaartekens voor dri and GLcore (als die er zijn) 
#	Load	"dri"
#	Load	"GLcore"
  • Wees er zeker van dat GLX loopt 
	Load	"glx"
  • Zoek deze sectie (De inhoud kan anders zijn) 
Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
	Driver		"nv"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection
  • Vervang de volgende regels, maar laat de Identifier en BusID zoals ze waren 
Section "Device"
	...
	Driver		"nvidia"
	...
	Option		"RenderAccel"		"true"
	Option		"AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection
  • Zoek deze sectie 
Section "Screen"
	Identifier	"Default Screen"
	Device		"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
	Monitor		"Generic Monitor"
	DefaultDepth	16
  • Wees er zeker van dat de DefaultDepth 24 is , als dat nog niet gebeurd is 
	DefaultDepth	24
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • Instaleer Xgl/Compiz 
sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom
  • Vervang alles met de volgende regels: 
# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration.   If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration.  Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
# 
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below.  Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option.  Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
# 
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change.  Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings.  You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon.  HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
# 
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category.  You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
# 
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
# 
# Have fun!
[daemon]
[security]
[xdmcp]
[gui]
[greeter]
[chooser]
[debug]
[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl 
[server-Xgl] 
name=Xgl server 
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo 
flexible=true
  • Maak een script dat Xgl/Compiz bij het opstarten opstart 
sudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture
  • Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for your region. Eg .gb for United Kingdom. For a full list of keyboard bindings, type ls /usr/share/xmodmap in a terminal. If unsure, leave as .us (United States) 
#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator &  compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us
  • Bewaar het bestand 
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture
  • To run compiz for this session 
thefuture
  • To have compiz load on startup
    • System -> Preferences -> Sessions
    • Startup Programs -> Add 
/usr/bin/thefuture
  • Extra Hulp
    • Als Xgl/Compiz het niet lijkt te doen, of je fouten krijgt, herstart de machine dan na "thefuture" bij Startup toegevoegd te hebben.
    • Als het bewegen van vensters het systeem langzaam maakt, start gconf-editor vanuit de terminal. vind apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Zet detect_refresh_rate uit en de refresh rate op 60. Alles zou nu moeten werken...
    • Als je een niet standaard toetsenbord gebruikt (andere taal), zou je het mischien terug moeten zetten als je toetsenbord raar doet, dit kan met System/Settings/Keyboard.
    • Je kan ook de Super-toets hechten aan de windows knop.
  • Tips
    • Verwissel schermen = Alt + Tab
    • Zet alle schermen op een rij en bekijk ze = F12 zet het aan of uit; op een scherm klikken zal het naar voren halen
    • Werkbladen verwisselen op de kubus = Ctrl + Alt + Linker/Rechter Pijltoets
    • Werkbladen verwisselen op de kubus - het actieve venster meenemend = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Linker/Rechter Pijltoets
    • De kubus handmatig draaien = Ctrl + Alt + linkerklik
    • Venster transparant maken = op dit moment alleen maar mogelijk met het "transset" utility
    • Een keer inzoomen = Super-toets rechterklik
    • Handmatig inzoomen = Super-toets + scrolwiel omhoog
    • Handmatig uitzoomen = Super-toets + scrolwiel omlaag
    • Venster bewegen = Alt + linkerklik
    • Venster makkelijk verplaatsen (blijft aan de randen kleven) = Ctrl + Alt + linkerklik
    • Grote van het venster instellen = Alt + rechterklik
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik alternate boot splash screen

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Dit instaleert een minimaal splash screen dat je ziet als Ubuntu opstart en afsluit. Het is een vervanger voor textberichten. 
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so
  • Selecteer het minimalistische alternatief (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) door het nummer in te typen. Als je ooit terug wilt naar de originele splash screen, selecteer default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)
  • Herstart de computer om de effecten te bekijken
[edit]

Commerciele software

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)

  • http://www.win4lin.com
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Windows Software (CrossOver Office)

  • http://www.codeweavers.com
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Windows Games (Cedega)

  • http://www.transgaming.com
[edit]

User Administration

[edit]

Hoe maak ik een nieuw/verander ik het root-gebruiker wachtwoord 

sudo passwd root
[edit]

Hoe deactiveer ik het root-gebruikersaccount 

sudo passwd -l root
[edit]

Hoe laat ik de root gebruiker toe om in GNOME in te loggen 

Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM (Aanvinken)
[edit]

Hoe verander ik naar root in console 

sudo -s -H
Password: <geef het root-wachtwoord>
[edit]

Hoe voeg/verwijder ik gebruikers aan het systeem toe

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups 
Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete
or 
sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim
  • Voor meer informatie lees: 
man usermod
[edit]

How to add/edit/delete system groups

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups 
Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete
[edit]

How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure)

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Login Window 
Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login (Checked)
Kies nu een gebruiker uit het drop-down menu.
[edit]

How to allow more sudoers 

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure) 

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
system_username	ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session 

sudo -K
[edit]

How to change files/folders permissions 

Right click on files/folders -> Properties

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)
[edit]

How to change files/folders ownership 

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

How to change files/folders group ownership 

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

Hardware

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) 

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
[edit]

How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
	Driver		"nvidia"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
...
  • Voeg de volgende regel hieronder toe 
   Option		"NoLogo"
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Graphics Driver (ATI)

  • See Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki
  • Or Ubuntuforums.org
[edit]

How to identify Modem chipset 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/
  • To identify Modem chipset 
sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Modem Driver (SmartLink) 

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon
[edit]

How to configure PalmOS Devices 

sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • System -> Preferences -> PalmOS Devices
  • Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]

How to list partition tables 

sudo fdisk -l
  • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]

How to list filesystem disk space usage 

df -T -h
  • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]

How to list mounted devices 

mount
[edit]

How to list PCI devices 

lspci
[edit]

How to list USB devices 

lsusb
[edit]

How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
/dev/cdrom {
    dma = on
}
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  • To mount CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
  • To unmount CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/
[edit]

How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l
[edit]

How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting 

sudo mount -a


[edit]

Hoe installeer ik een Wacom tablet

For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom

With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.

  • 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute : 
     sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools
  • 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf : 
      sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
  • then edit it with the command line : 
      sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.
  • You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.
[edit]

CD/DVD Burning

[edit]

How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast
[edit]

How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD 

nautilus burn:///
  • File Browser: CD/DVD Creator
  • Drag files/folders into window 
File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]

How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD 

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]

How to duplicate CD/DVD

[edit]

How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024
[edit]

How to create Image (ISO) files from folders 

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/
[edit]

How to generate MD5 checksum files 

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
[edit]

How to check MD5 checksum of files

e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder 
md5sum -c file.iso.md5
[edit]

How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning 

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
  • To unmount Image (ISO) file 
sudo umount /media/iso/
[edit]

How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)
[edit]

How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)
[edit]

How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)
[edit]

Netwerken

[edit]

Hoe stel ik Google Talk in

  • Zie het antwoord op Google Talk Help Centrum
[edit]

Hoe kan ik netwerkverbindingen activeren/deactiveren

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Networking
  • Netwerk instellingen 
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate
[edit]

Hoe stel ik netwerkverbindingen in

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Networking
  • Network settings 
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Properties
Connection -> Enable this connection (Checked)
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete
[edit]

Hoe kan ik inbelverbindingen instellen 

sudo pppconfig
  • Inbelverbinding verbinden 
sudo pon provider_name
  • Inbelverbinding verbreken 
sudo poff
[edit]

Hoe kan ik breedbandverbindingen instellen 

sudo pppoeconf
[edit]

Hoe kan ik de computernaam aanpassen

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Networking
  • Netwerk instellingen 
General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name
  • Alle geopende programma's afsluiten en de computer herstarten
[edit]

How to change computer descriptions 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
  server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
  server string = new_computer_descriptions
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

Hoe kan ik het computerdomein/werkgroep aanpassen 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
  workgroup = MSHOME
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
  workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service 

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
sudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
  • Voeg de volgende regels in in een nieuw bestand 
 #!/bin/sh
 USERNAME=myusername
 PASSWORD=mypassword
 HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org
 cd /root/
 if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
  ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
 else
  ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
 fi
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
[edit]

Hoe kan ik mappen delen op een eenvoudige manier 

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name
[edit]

Hoe kan ik door netwerkcomputers bladeren

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly
Read #How to access network folders without mounting
  • Places -> Network Servers
[edit]

How to access network folders without mounting

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Shared folder's name: linux
  • Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter: 
smb://192.168.0.1/linux
[edit]

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword
  • To unmount network folder 
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777
  • To unmount network folder 
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename smbfs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials    0    0
[edit]

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename smbfs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777  0    0
[edit]

How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work

  • See Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos
[edit]

How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Use these instructions to automatically install PPTP Client
OR
  • Install manually 
wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install
  • To configure PPTP Client 
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop
  • Replace content of this file with the following lines 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application
  • The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
  • Start the client with Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client
[edit]

How to configure Network-manager with WPA 1 and 2 support

[edit]

Remote Desktop

[edit]

How to configure remote desktop (not secure)

Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session
Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure
Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended
  • System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
  • Remote Desktop Preferences 
Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop (Checked)
Allow other users to control your desktop (Checked)

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Uitvinken)
Require the user to enter this password: (Checked)
Password: Specify the password
[edit]

How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 
vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0
  • To quit vncviewer 
Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer
[edit]

How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
  • Download VNC Viewer: Here


[edit]

Windows

[edit]

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only


e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
  • To unmount Windows partition 
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
  • To unmount Windows partition 
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]

How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows ntfs  nls=utf8,umask=0222 0    0
[edit]

How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows vfat  iocharset=utf8,umask=000  0    0


[edit]

Security

[edit]

What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
    • To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
  • Ensure a password is set for BIOS
    • To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
  • Ensure computer is located at a secured place
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
  • Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
    • To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
    • Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
    • Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
  • Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
  • Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
  • Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
    • To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
    • Lees [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
  • Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
  • For day to day usage, login as a normal user
  • Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
    • To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
    • "sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
    • Lees #How to disable root user account
  • Install a Firewall
  • Perform vulnerability test
[edit]

How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu 

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
#   password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret
...
  • Voeg de volgende regel hieronder toe 
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
title		Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root		(hd0,1)
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
#title		Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
#root		(hd0,1)
#kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
#initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
#savedefault
#boot
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to disable history listing in Console mode 

rm -f $HOME/.bash_history
touch $HOME/.bash_history
chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history
[edit]

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode 

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/inittab
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo telinit q
[edit]

How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode 

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand


[edit]

Rescue Mode

[edit]

How to gain root user access without login

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
    • Boot-up computer
    • If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
    • Select 
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
[edit]

How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Boot-up computer
  • If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
  • If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
  • Select 
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386
  • Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
  • Select 
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash
  • Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
  • Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments 
grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash
  • Press 'b' to boot
[edit]

How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
  • At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument 
boot: rescue
  • Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]

How to change root user/main user password if forgotten 

# passwd root
  • To change main user password 
# passwd system_main_username
[edit]

How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten 

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition 
# grub-install /dev/hda
[edit]

How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition 
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
title		Microsoft Windows
root		(hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine

OR
  • See www.fs-driver.org
[edit]

Tips & Truuks

[edit]

Hoe kan ik GNOME herstarten zonder de computer te rebooten

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Sluit alle geopende programma's 
Druk: 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'
of 
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart
[edit]

Hoe zet ik Num Lock aan bij het opstarten van GNOME 

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
exit 0
  • Voeg hierboven de volgende regels toe 
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
 /usr/bin/numlockx on
fi
[edit]

How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Preferences -> Sessions
  • Sessions 
Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete
[edit]

How to speed-up your Ubuntu box

  • Lees the following post: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=189192
[edit]

How to switch to Console mode in GNOME 

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch between consles in Console mode 
Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch back to GNOME mode 
Press 'Alt + F7'
[edit]

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
Section "ServerFlags"
	Option		"DontZap"		"yes"
EndSection
[edit]

How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME 

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"
[edit]

How to refresh GNOME desktop 

killall nautilus
[edit]

Hoe ververs ik het GNOME panel 

killall gnome-panel
[edit]

How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy (Unchecked)
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save (Checked)
[edit]

How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Places -> Home Folder
  • To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Press 'Ctrl + H'
  • To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files (Checked)
[edit]

How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • To install File Browser (Root) 
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop
    • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
  • To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
    • Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)
[edit]

How to change default file type "Open with" program 

Right click on file -> Properties

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program (Checked)
[edit]

How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird 

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s
[edit]

How to open files as root user via right click 

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
	gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root
[edit]

How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode

Not for Dapper---- firingstone

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
  • Terminal 
Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Uitvinken)
[edit]

How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]

How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox


[edit]

How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
  • To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
    1. Settings -> Repositories
    2. In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
    3. You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository
  • To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
    1. Settings -> Repositories
    2. Click on Add and then Custom
    3. Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time: 
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
  • To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update) 
Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information
  • To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade) 
Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
  • To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name) 
Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name
  • To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name) 
Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Installation
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
  • To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name) 
Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
[edit]

What packages do the extra repositories provide

  • The PLF repository provides
    1. DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
    2. Skype
    3. Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
    4. Opera Web browser
    5. RealPlayer 10
    6. Win32 binary multimedia codecs
[edit]

How to install/uninstall .deb files 

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
  • To uninstall .deb file 
sudo dpkg -r package_name
[edit]

How to convert .rpm files to .deb files 

sudo alien package_file.rpm
[edit]

How to rename all files in directory at once

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • To install "mvb" file name renamer 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb
  • To rename all files in directory at once 
mvb NEW_NAME
[edit]

How to manipulate all image files in directory at once 

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips
  • To manipulate all image files in directory at once 
bbips
[edit]

How to set System-wide Environment Variables 

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
  • Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to save "man" outputs into files 

man command | col -b > file.txt
[edit]

How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
#hiddenmenu
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
hiddenmenu
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
timeout     3
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
timeout     X_seconds
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu 

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
default     0
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
default     X_sequence
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up

e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Zoek deze sectie 
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#      grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#      grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#      and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...
  • Voeg de volgende regel hieronder toe 
splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image
splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu 
convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm
[edit]

How to temporary skip boot-up services 

Press 'Ctrl + C'
[edit]

How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services

[edit]

Hoe kan ik de /tmp/ map leegmaken bij het uitzetten van de computer 

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
 stop)
  log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
  start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
  log_end_msg $?
...
  • Voeg de volgende regel hieronder toe 
  rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode

  • Lees #Algemeen
  • To scroll up to view previously outputs 
Press 'Shift + Page Up'
  • To scroll down to view previously outputs 
Press 'Shift + Page Down'
[edit]

How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using 

cat /etc/issue
[edit]

How to set up automatic background change (GNOME) 

mkdir ~/.backgrounds
cd ~/.backgrounds
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/change_background.py
chmod +x change_background.py
  • To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer 
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Add the following line at the end of file 
@reboot ~/.backgrounds/change_background.py
For more information about periodic processes see 
man 5 crontab
[edit]

How to set up automatic background change (KDE)

  • Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
  • Choose Slide Show
  • Press Setup...
  • Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
  • Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
  • Press 'OK'
[edit]

How to add keyboard layouts for other languages

  • Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
  • Choose Layouts
  • Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
  • Choose Layout Options
  • Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
  • Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
  • Press Close.

See #How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

[edit]

How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet

  • Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
  • Click Add to Panel...
  • Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

[edit]

How to type extended characters

  • Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
  • Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.

  • ' + a = á
  • ' + e = é
  • and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-c, z-z, n-n, l-l, u-ú, r-r
  • " + a = ä
  • " + e = ë
  • and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò. Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, u, i, õ, ñ.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively. To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,

  • RightAlt+q = ä
  • RightAlt+w = å
  • RightAlt+e = é
  • RightAlt+r = ®
  • RightAlt+t = þ
  • RightAlt+y = ü
  • RightAlt+u = ú
  • RightAlt+i = í
  • RightAlt+o = ó
  • RightAlt+p = ö
  • RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
  • RightAlt+a = á
  • RightAlt+s = ß
  • RightAlt+d = ð
  • RightAlt+l = ø
  • RightAlt+; = ¶
  • RightAlt+: = °
  • RightAlt+z = æ
  • RightAlt+c = ©
  • RightAlt+n = ñ
  • RightAlt+m = µ
  • RightAlt+, = ç
  • RightAlt+/ = ¿
  • RightAlt+1 = ¡
  • RightAlt+2 = ²
  • RightAlt+3 = ³
  • RightAlt+4 = ¤
  • RightAlt+5 = €
  • RightAlt+6 = ¼
  • RightAlt+7 = ½
  • RightAlt+8 = ¾
  • RightAlt+9 = ‘
  • RightAlt+0 = ’
  • RightAlt+- = ¥
  • RightAlt+= = ×
  • RightAlt+! = ¹
  • RightAlt+@, then o = o (and O).
  • RightAlt+#, then a = a (and A). Similarly for eE, uU, iI, oO.
  • RightAlt+$ = £
  • RightAlt+% =
  • RightAlt+^ =
  • RightAlt+& =
  • RightAlt+*, then a = a (and A). Similarly for eE, iI.
  • RightAlt+(, then a = a (and A)
  • RightAlt+(, then g = g (and G)
  • RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
  • RightAlt+_ =
  • RightAlt++ = ÷
[edit]

How to set the Compose key to type special characters

  • Click System, Preferences, Keyboard.
  • Under Layout Options, expand on Compose key position.
  • Choose Right-Win key is compose, click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to this keyboard settings file. Specifically, the lines that start with GDK_Multi_key are those that we can use here. The Compose key is actually GDK_Multi_key.

Some examples,

  • RightWin + C + = produces €
  • RightWin + = + C produces €
  • RightWin + C + O produces ©
  • RightWin + O + C produces ©
  • RightWin + a + ' produces á
  • RightWin + a + " produces ä
  • RightWin + a + ` produces à
  • RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
  • RightWin + a + * produces å
  • RightWin + a + ^ produces â
  • RightWin + a + > produces â
  • RightWin + a + , produces a
  • RightWin + e + - produces e
  • RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
  • RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
  • RightWin + S + 3 produces ³
[edit]

Servers

[edit]

AntiVirus Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik ClamAV AntiVirus Server 

sudo apt-get install clamav
[edit]

How to manually update virus databases 

sudo freshclam
[edit]

How to manually scan files/folders for viruses 

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]

How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses

e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday
* * * * * means minute hour date month year 
export EDITOR=gedit &&  sudo crontab -e
  • Voeg volgende regel toe onderaan het bestand: 
00 00 * * *  sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
[edit]

Print Server (cupsd)

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik cupsd

Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do 
 sudo apt-get install cupsys*
[edit]

How to add a printer

In gnome click on "System/Administration/Printing. And choose "Add printer". A "add printer wizard" should start and tell you what to do.
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine

  • Make sure your local printer is well configured.
  • Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
  • Client ip address: 192.168.0.23
    • Server configuration 
 sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
 sudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
find the block 
<Location />
  ...
  Allow localhost
  ...
</Location>
and add the following line into it. 
 Allow 192.168.0.23
Restart cups. 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
    • Client configuration 
 sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
 sudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf
And add the following line into it. 
 ServerName 192.168.0.1
Restart cups. 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
Now try "lpq" and you should see something like 
 vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
 HPLJ6P is ready
 no entries
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine

[edit]

Samba Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Samba Server for files/folders sharing service 

sudo apt-get install samba
sudo apt-get install smbfs
[edit]

How to add/edit/delete network users 

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Insert the following line into the new file 
system_username = "network username"
    • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • To edit network user 
sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
  • To delete network user 
sudo smbpasswd -x system_username
[edit]

How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
  writable = no
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
  writable = yes

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
 security = user
 username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = no
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 


sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 


sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
  security = user 
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody 
  force group = nogroup

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
  security = share
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) 

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
  security = share
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]

How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba 

 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
 gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
Find the following lines 
 ...
 # printing = cups
 # printcap name = cups
 ...
and uncomment them. 
 printing = cups
 printcap name = cups
Restart cups server 
 sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.
[edit]

SSH Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service 

sudo apt-get install ssh
[edit]

How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 
ssh username@192.168.0.1
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/ 
scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/ 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]

How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs)

e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
Remote machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote machine folder location: /media/music
  • Install sshfs 
sudo apt-get install sshfs
  • Load kernel driver for sshfs 
sudo modprobe fuse
  • For permanent use add 'fuse' at the end of /etc/modules 
sudo gedit /etc/modules
  • Join the 'fuse' user group 
sudo adduser your_user_name fuse
  • Create local mountpoint in your home directory 
mkdir ~/remote_music
  • Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music 
sshfs 192.168.0.1:/meida/music ~/remote_music
[edit]

How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
  • Download PuTTY: Here


[edit]

How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik SSH Server for remote administration service
  • Download FileZilla: Here
[edit]

How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely

e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely
This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that
try common username/password pairs.
  • Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL

  • Edit the configuration file

sudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

  • Change the parameter PermitRootLogin from yes to no. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
  • Add the parameter AllowUsers and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.
  • You can also use DenyUsers for fine-grained selection of users.
  • If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add AllowUsers nosuchuserhere to disable anyone connecting.
[edit]

DHCP Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment

e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card
IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5
Domains: tm.net.my
Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1 
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
INTERFACES=""
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
INTERFACES="eth0"
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
 option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
 option domain-name "tm.net.my";
 option routers 192.168.0.1;
 option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
 default-lease-time 600;
 max-lease-time 7200;
}
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart


[edit]

Database Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik MYSQL Database Server 

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
  • MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf 
sudo mousepad /etc/mysql/my.cnf
  • Find the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1 and comment it out 
...
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
...
  • MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see here 
mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
mysqladmin -h root@local-machine-name -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik MYSQL Administrator 

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin
[edit]

Apache HTTP Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service 

sudo apt-get install apache2
  • http://localhost
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik PHP voor de Apache HTTP Server

[edit]
Hoe installeer ik PHP4 
sudo apt-get install php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • To test if php4 installed correctly 
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • http://localhost/testphp.php
  • Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk
[edit]
Hoe installeer ik PHP5 
sudo apt-get install php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • To test if php5 installed correctly 
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • http://localhost/testphp.php
  • Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk
[edit]

Hoe installeer ik MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server 

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
  • Select either php4-mysql or php5-mysql depending on which version of PHP you installed 
sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysql
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
  • To get PHP to work with MySQL, open the file (where <version> is either 4 or 5 depending on which PHP you installed) 
sudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini
  • You'll need to uncomment the ";extension=mysql.so" line so that it looks like this 
...
extension=mysql.so
...
  • Bewaar het bestand en sluit af 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[edit]

How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ 

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride All
  Order allow,deny
  Allow from all
</Directory>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • http://localhost/URL-path
[edit]

How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78 
sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
Listen 80
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
Listen 78
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • http://localhost:78
[edit]

How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
sudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 <head>
 <title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
 <style type="text/css">
 /*<![CDATA[*/
 /* 
 DEFAULT TAG STYLES
 */
 body {
  background: #ffffff;
  margin-left: 20px;
  font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 9pt;
 }
 h1 {
  font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 15pt;
 }
 /*]]>*/
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <?php
 require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
 error_reporting(E_ERROR);
 $url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
 $rss = fetch_rss($url);
 if ($rss) {
  echo "<h1>";
  echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>";
  echo "</h1>";
  foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
   $url = $item[link];
   $title = $item[title];
   $description = $item[description];
   echo "<li>";
   echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>";
   echo "$description<br/><br/>";
   echo "</li>";
  }
 }
 else {
  echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>";
 }
 ?>
 </body>
 </html>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • http://localhost/feeds/index.php
[edit]

FTP Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik FTP Server for File Transfer service 

sudo apt-get install proftpd
[edit]

How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
DenyFilter           \*.*/
...
  • Voeg de volgende regel hieronder toe 
DefaultRoot           ~
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het einde van het bestand 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
</Anonymous>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ 

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
    • Voeg de volgende regels toe aan het eind van het bestand 
<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to change the default port number for FTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77 
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
Port              21
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
Port              77
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]

How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service
Read #Hoe installeer ik FTP Server for File Transfer service
  • Download FileZilla: Here
[edit]

Streaming Media Server

[edit]

Hoe installeer ik GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service

e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files 
sudo apt-get install gnump3d
  • http://localhost:8888
[edit]

How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d

e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/ 
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
root = /var/music
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
root = /home/music
  • Zoek deze regel 
user = gnump3d
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
user = root
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart
  • http://localhost:8888
[edit]

How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878 
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
  • Zoek deze regel 
port = 8888
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
port = 7878
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart
  • http://localhost:7878


[edit]

Image Gallery Server

  • For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see here
[edit]

Gallery1

[edit]
Hoe installeer ik Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service 
sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh
  • http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
  • Gallery Configuration 
Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password
Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: http://localhost/gallery
Albums URL: http://localhost/albums
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->
  • http://localhost/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP)
e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly
Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com 
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://www.url.com/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://www.url.com/albums";
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP)
e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1 
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to backup/restore Gallery1 data 
sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/
  • To restore Gallery data 
sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /
[edit]

Gallerij2

[edit]
Hoe installeer ik Gallery2
[edit]
How to configure Gallery2
[edit]

Troubleshooting

[edit]

Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)

[edit]

Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load) 

service_name = ntpdate
[edit]

How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT) 

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/rcS
  • Zoek deze regel 
...
UTC=yes
...
  • Vervang de volgende regel 
UTC=no
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand
  • System -> Administration -> Time and Date 
Set the correct time/date

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart
[edit]

How to configure sound to work properly in GNOME 

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf
  • Zoek deze sectie 
...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...
  • Vervang de volgende regels 
auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}
pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}
pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
  • Bewaar het bewerkte bestand 
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events (Uitvinken)
  • Alle geopende programma's afsluiten en de computer herstarten
[edit]

How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME 

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/
[edit]

Hoe kan ik dubbele menuitems verwijderen in GNOME 

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu
[edit]

How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up) 

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart
[edit]

How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE)

  • I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows
  • To enable the network device please follow the following steps
  • Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
  • Enable Administrator mode
  • Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
  • Click Configure Interface...
  • Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
  • Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
  • Click Advanced Settings to for more properties
  • Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
  • Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
  • Click apply to commit all changes
  • To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
  • Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
  • Right click on preferred connection ssid
  • Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
  • Click Ok
  • Create connection configuration file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf (do as super user) 
network={
ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"
scan_ssid=1
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"
#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password
}
  • Maak een script door het volgende bestand aan te maken: /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh 
#! /bin/sh
# wifi: wpa_supplicant init
echo " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."
if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -w
fi
exit 0
  • Maak de bestanden leesbaar en uitvoerbaar 
sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh
  • Automatisch draadloos verbinding maken bij het opstarten van de computer 
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa
  • Alle geopende programma's afsluiten en de computer herstarten
[edit]

Ubuntu Upgraden

[edit]

Hoe te upgraden van Dapper Drake naar Edgy Eft (experimenteel)

  • coming soon...
[edit]

Verwijderde Items

  • Topics that have been removed from this guide can be found here
Retrieved from "http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu_dapper_nl"